Maslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace Essay

We work, strive, succeed, and sometimes we fail. What drives us to succeed, or in some cases keeps us from success? Perhaps a better understanding of our motives, and the motives of our colleagues would help us make the personality changes we need to succeed. The way we interact with others in the workplace and our personal life may be improved. The Freudian theories opened our minds to many of our odd behaviors but did little to provide methods of self-examination. Very few of us have the time and the funds available for in-depth psychoanalysis. The theories of Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow are interesting and, in certain respects, opposing. With study, introspection, and a better awareness of others, aspects of the theories of Jung and Maslow can be used by most individuals to improve their working and personal relationships. Carl Jung was a younger colleague of Sigmund Freud but he made the exploration of â€Å"inner space† his life’s work. Jung and Freud began to go their separate ways in 1909 even though Freud had once considered Jung his heir apparent, the â€Å"crown prince of psychoanalysis† (Boeree, 2006 Pg 3  ¶3). Jung had an extensive knowledge of mythology, religion, and philosophy. He was especially knowledgeable in the symbolism of complex mystical traditions: Gnosticism, Alchemy, Kabala, Hinduism, and Buddhism. He had a capacity for lucid dreaming and occasional visions (Boeree, 2006). Jung divided the psyche into three parts: ego, personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. The ego and personal unconscious are very much like Freud’s understanding of the psyche; the collective unconscious was added to Freud’s theories and stands out from all others. This part of the psyche represents our experiences as a species, a knowledge with which we are born (Boeree, 2006). Jung spent a great deal of time in self-examination. Much of his theory is based on this introspection and a source of criticism from several of his colleagues. Jung carefully recorded his dreams, fantasies, and visions; he felt if we could recapture our mythologies, our ghosts, we could understand these ghosts and heal our mental illnesses (Boeree, 2006). Jung’s sense of personal examination and commonality of the unconscious may allow us all to heal and live better, more fulfilling lives. Abraham Maslow’s belief in Humanistic Psychology and his Hierarchy of Needs can be, and has been, applied in the workplace outside of psychology. A pyramid, with Physiological Needs at its base, represents the Hierarchy (Boeree, 2006). The Hierarchy’s five stages: physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and Self-actualization explain many of the motivations within the workplace. One example is the rather obvious puzzle of why employees are only temporarily satisfied by a raise in salary. Inevitably, most employees are satisfied when first receiving the bump up in pay. However, just as inevitably, shortly thereafter the same employee expects another raise; he has become dissatisfied. Even when the raises in pay are forthcoming in intervals that are acceptable, the employee still seems to become dissatisfied. Maslow believed that we are driven to understand and accept ourselves as fully as possible, and are motivated to satisfy ever-increasing levels of motivation. Once the basic need of enough money to provide a basic standard of living is met, the employee is still driven to satisfy higher needs. These higher needs may include a sense of personal achievement (Heffner, 2002). Maslow felt that no one would ever reach the top of his hierarchy but should realistically try only to get as close as possible. Through our continued journey in life, meeting problems and issues, we can either grow or slip backward. We can choose to learn and continue climbing or give up. Most people choose to continue their climb. With some, this choice is not an actual conscious decision. The choice is more of a drive to succeed or a cycle of happiness and depression that we have trouble understanding. As a supervisor or manager, our ability to understand the constant cycle of satisfaction and dissatisfaction may mean the difference between a successful career and failure. If in a career or business the only answer to dissatisfaction is monetary, excessive cost to the company can be easily caused and still have unhappy employees and a high turnover rate. Conclusion Carl Jung’s introspection and self-examination have led us to the realization that childhood traumas are not the only sources of behavior and personality characteristics. Our continued learning from our experiences, our differentiation, gives us a life-long ability to make corrections. Abraham Maslow’s understanding of our motivation and constant striving for satisfaction has brought the person back into Psychology and given renewed attention to the truly human qualities that make up us all. Understanding the motivation and satisfaction needs of colleagues, our family members, and ourselves provides avenues of action that were previously only sources of frustration. Taking heed of both schools of psychological thought, the Neo-Freudian Carl Jung and the Humanistic Psychology of Abraham Maslow, may be our best path for understanding our own behavior and motives and those of our colleagues and family. References Boeree, C. (2006). Abraham Maslow 1908-1970. Retrieved Jan. 22, 2006, from Personality Theories Web site: http://www. ship. edu/~cgboeree/maslow. html. Boeree, C. (2006). Carl Jung 1875 -1961. Retrieved Jan. 22, 2006, from Personality Theories Web site: http://www. ship. edu/%7Ecgboeree/jung. html. Heffner, C. (2002). Personality synopsis. Retrieved Jan. 22, 2006, from AllpsychON LINE, The Virtual Psychology Classroom Web site: http://allpsych. com/personalitysynopsis/index. html.

Decrease in Supply of Dalda Ghee

OLPER`S MILK EXPIRES BEFORE EXPIRY DATE PREPARED FOR THE REGIONAL MANAGER,ENGRO FOODS, COL. AKHTAR KHALILI PREPARED BY ASST. QUALITY CONTROL MANAGER DECEMBER 29, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 03 INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 04 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 04 FACTS AND FINDINGS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 05 1. Testing Expired Milk Before Expiry Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 05 2. Survey Of Plant In Sukkur†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦O6 3.Chain Of Distributors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦07 DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦08 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:- This report comprises of the cause of decline in the sale of Olper`s Milk as many complaints were received quoting that milk was expired before the expiry date. This report analyses the causes and recommend certain solutions that Engro Foods should take to correct this situation. The report also clarifies that Olper`s Milk is 100% full of nutrition and have no harmful chemicals or bacteria which could cause diseases. INTRODUCTION:-Engro foods launched its most famous product Olper`s milk in the year 2006. Since then this product is highly demanded all over Pakistan. Recently many complaints have been made from our most valuable customers that milk was expired before the expiry date. This report comprises of facts and findings about this cause of failure of Olper`s milk due to which our bar of good will is decreasing. After study of this report you will be able to answer the following questions: * Who was responsible was this failure of Olper`s milk? * What are the reasons behind this problem? What initiative should be taken to solve this problem? CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS:- After completing all my research work and findings on this problem I came to a conclusion that the distributors of Olper`s milk were at fault, they played with our trust and good will. They removed the original expiry date form the tetra pack container of Olpers milk and printed a new expiry date just to avoid the consequences of over stocking of inventory. Olper`s milk is full of nutrition than any other tetra pack milk. It consists of some good nutritional fats that give it a rich flavor and taste.According to my survey of plant and dairy farm no harmful chemical of bleaching agent is added in our milk it’s pure and healthy. Following are the recommendations I conclude on the basis of my finding: * Engro foods should immediately break it s contract with JAVED BROS. chain of distributors as they misused our product for their benefit and directly blamed our brand for providing expired milk. * Promotional deals should be launched for Olper`s milk for increasing its demand. * New advertisements should be on aired to promoting Olper`s milk and for gaining back the trust of our customers * JAVED BROS. hould be sued and compensation should be demanded. FACTS AND FINDINGS:- For finding the real causes behind our customers complains I made certain surveys and researches to come to a conclusion. The research findings presented here falls in to four categories: 1. Testing Expired Milk Before Expiry Date 2. Survey Of Plant In Sukkur 3. Chain Of Distributors 1) TESTING OF EXPIRED MILK BEFORE EXPIRY DATE:- I started my work by testing the expired milk before expiry date to know about the actual damage of the milk. The results showed that milk was actually expired and had been curdled and a bit smelly.The expired milk contained a few percentage of urea in it which revealed that it was harmful and expired. Due to this reason our sales declined by a heavy margin in last month as compared to our competitors: Size (ml)|   |   | PERCENTAGE OF SALES IN NOVEMBER 2012|   |   |   | OLPER`S| HALEEB| MILKPACK | MILLAC| NIDO| 1000| 46| 45| 70| 45| 39| 500| 50| 65| 85| 57| 49| 250| 13| 12| 19| 10| 20| This rapid decrease of sales came with no of complaints as well and I compared the complaints of last three months and found out that that in November complaints were increased by 90%. ) SURVEY OF SUKKUR PLANT:- After testing the expired milk I visited our milk processing plant in Sukkur and there I came to know that Olper`s milk is being processed in the correct way and no harmful chemicals are being added in it to make the expiry process earlier. The nutritional values of our milk are in accordance with those suggest by World`s Health Organization Here we can also see that expired milk did not contain any amount of iron in it as it was turned in to urea after expiring. 3) CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTORS:- My final survey was of the chain of distributors we use to distribute our roduct in market we recently changed our distributors an 2012 and had signed a deal with JAVED BROS. chain of distributors. I disguised myself as a new trainee over there and spend a week analyzing the situation over there. I came to know that from past few months they are having a problem of overstocking of Olper`s Milk and as it’s a perishable good it has to be used otherwise the distributor will face loss | | | | (Packets )| | S. No| Month| Order| Demand| 1| September| 30000| 28000| 2| October| 31000| 22810| 2| November| 37000| 29000|The above chat is the ending inventory chart of distributors of Olper`s Milk. This shows that the Distributors are at fault and for their own profit are selling the expired milk by changing its expiry date. 3) DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS:- Olper`s Milk is the sign of good taste. Never in past s ix years such problem has occurred as Engro Foods works with honesty and show complete dedication towards their work. They have even created employment for women in their Sukkur plant and also give employment to women in Punjab to collect milk form dairy farms and deposit in Olper containers.The Facts and Findings of my research also mention the fact that Engro Foods were not at fault. Distributors played a deadly game with us and tried to destroy our good will just off the sake of their own profit. * UHT OLPERS MILK:- Olper`s Milk can never get expired before its expiry date as Engro foods uses UHT(ultra heat treatment)method to pasteurize the milk for 3-4 seconds under 275?. It uses a special new technology LACTOSTAR from China to make sure milk is 100% suitable for health.

Book â€My Best Friend Essay

Book is the best friend, a human being can have. Book is a friend that is never disloyal. Books are our friends for life as because they never reject, never go or come, never fight and never blame us. Books make our life easy to lead as they inform us about various ways of leading life. Books are informative as well as instructive. A person is never going to feel alone in the presence of books. There’re two ways to get educated , one is to learn from experiences and the second one is to learn from books. I am going to give you an example , my mother asks me to remove a kettle of boiling milk from a stove . I can touch the handle of the kettle with bare hand and can burn my hand. If I have read a book on science and so I know that the handle of the kettle is hot. Therefore, I will use a rag to hold the handle, which will save my hand from burning. Now we all can appreciate the significance of acquisition of knowledge from books. Books are the best collection of the experiences of our ancestors, best collections of the facts and figures, help us to understand the nature , our past , our culture and our civilization. We need not have to wait till we get firsthand experience. Taking firsthand experience to gain knowledge is not only time consuming, but painful, also. Books have many wonders in it and they make a person absorbed in their interesting content. The best example of being a friend of book can be seen while long journeys when a person has nothing to do except to sit and wait for his destination. During my last vacation to Moosorise, we had sixteen hours of journey. I purchased a book on Moral Stories which I finished during this journey. I was so absorbed in the book that I did not realize the length of journey. The most important things is that I learnt the experiences of centuries in just eight hours of book reading. This is what my best friend – the book can give me. In fact , my books have helped me in understanding the meaning of friendship with my friends in my class and outside world. In one sentence , I can summarize about my best friend – my book – â€Å" You know you’ve read a good book when you turn the last page and feel a little as if you have lost a friend. †

Museum report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Museum report - Essay Example I was impressed by different kinds of art including paintings and carvings. However, this report specifically puts more emphasis on the ‘Netsuke carvings’. The carving is about the ancient Japanese clothing where, Kimono (a Japanese garment without pockets). I was amused on how tiny personal effects like small knives were tucked into the garment’s sleeves which is made to slip below sash (obi), or kept in some hanging vessels called sagemono. It was amazing how ‘netsuke’, which sounds ‘nets-keh’, were incorporated as toggles in the garments to ensure the vessels carrying the personal effects was balanced. I learnt the ancient Japanese valued tobacco as the pouches were also part of the garment. The carvings were accurate, smooth, and all details were clearly portrayed. For instance, one could easily perceive that the hanging containers were balanced. Some objects made of wood or coral and looking like animals were kept together with the g arment carvings. I learnt that the animal carvings portrayed the initial garments shapes before netsuke. Japanese civilization is the act of the ancient Japanese leaving their traditional ways of life in terms of education, clothing, and socioeconomic activities to adopt the western kind of living. This began in the 19th century where foreigners were allowed to move to Japan to do some trade, during which the ancient Japan was under the leadership of Tokugawa Ieyasu. The western rulers forced the Japanese to enter into agreement that granted them more powers in terms of economy and law. Since all foreign offences were to be tried in the western counties, it limited the powers of the Japanese. The Japanese adopted the western political systems where the emperor never ruled alone but accepted opinions or advice from other groups. In the ancient rule, the emperor gave direct unquestionable orders. Uniting armies from different domains and having a common training also

Communication in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication in the Workplace - Essay Example aces in recent times, are highly characterized by low employee morale, poor performance, and rise in conflicts arising out of miscommunication across various levels of the organizational hierarchy (Manning et al., 1999). Effective workplace communication is inevitable for organizations, regardless of their size. This includes giant multinational organizations which are successful and enjoy a strong competitive positioning in the industry. This is because, success leads to hiring of more people, expansion of business, establishment of organizations in various international locations etc. This adds to the existing complexities in communication. In the absence of effective communication, important tasks are left unattended and incomplete; valuable information cannot be communicated properly; and generation of novel and unique business ideas comes to a complete standstill. Furthermore, the absence of proper and well established modes of communication creates dissent and disharmony among the workers, affecting their productivity in the process. Improved communication leads to an improvement in performance, while flawed and inadequate communication leads to conflicts and misunderstandings at the workplace (Guffey, Loewy, 2009). This makes communication – whether horizontal, vertical or diagonal, extremely vital for organizational success. Fear – the employees might hold back from communicating vital information to their superiors for fear of punishments or fines. They may fear negative consequences of their actions, and hence withhold information, from their superiors. In order to avoid such occurrences, the management must take active measures to ensure that all employees across all levels of organizational hierarchy are encouraged to share and communicate any sort of information to their superiors. They must also be given an opportunity to share and resolve their grievances. Such open channels of communication, if provided to the employees, may play a vital

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Hospitality Management - Essay Example Most important is for the organization to identify the needs of its consumers. The organization must then select a specific product that will meet consumer needs (Day, p. 38). A purchase team is also put in place to deal with all purchase processes. The team then comes up with a list of products that meets the customer needs and puts into consideration the company’s standards of quality of products. Lastly a budget for purchase is created, a search for best and potential supplier is done, and contract awarded (Day, pp. 37-39). Receiving is a process of properly documenting receipts of goods and services that were ordered by the organizations purchase team by signing and dating the receipt. It involves checking condition of purchased goods that is their quality, quantity and finally storing them. In case of damaged goods or any other complain, it is put forward before signing the receivership book (Siddiqui, p. 8). Storage is the process of keeping goods in a safe place or in the company stores for future sale. Various activities take place during storage. Recording of goods in the store is one of the important activities that take place. The management in the store also records goods that are received or taken from the company’s warehouse. They are also responsible in ensuring all the goods in the stores are in good condition and identify arising problems in the store. Inventory control is the process of maintaining a balance in quantity of available goods in an organization. The management in the inventory control department ensures efficiency and prevents acquisition of excess goods by keeping record of available goods and their condition (Axsater, pp. 76-77). Procurement is the backbone of the organization since it deals with goods and services in the organization. Management of the organization should ensure it has qualified and competent staff or team to be efficient

Growth of Islamic banking in UK Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Growth of Islamic banking in UK - Case Study Example An important part of the paper is the approach of main regulator in UK to supervision and regulation of Islamic banking. Paper also specifically focuses on specific Islamic mortgage products and their development in UK market. Global size of Islamic finance has been long estimated between $200 and $500 billion with an estimated growth rate of 10-15% annually.A precise estimate escapes though.In comparison the sterling assets of UK banking sector alone amount to 2.5 trillion (around $4 trillion).Thus Islamic banking has some distance to cover . But that is just another way of emphasising the scale of the opportunity(Howard,2003). In the UK, with the exception of one purely Islamic bank there are only Islamic products on offer by Islamic arms of commercial banks(HSBC, Llyods TSB,UBS for example).A large and well-developed Islamic financial structure has not come about thus far. But there is already a significant amount of business of various kinds focussed around relatively wealthy individuals or large institutions. Some London banks use the London Metal Exchange for Murabaha. The customer buys and sells forward a metal on the London Metal Exchange and earns a profit(Howard,2003).The first service provider for islamic banking products Halal Financial Services has been set up in 2005 as full fledged company. This is first in Islamic banking space. It is actively marketing products of Ahli Bank and HSBC Amanah and propagating the concept of halal mortgage. Its Chief Executive Officer reported," At the moment it is halal mortgages but we are only looking at a matter of weeks before we see Takaful coming to the market in the UK in the middle of July(2005). Of course HSBC Amanah has also launched the UK's first Sharia compliant pension plan as well. In the same context we tend to get involved in halal commercial finance, Murabaha based commodity benchmarked transactions and so on. We will continue to diversify our product range as and when we can" (Paul, 2005).Thus a vibrant Islamic banking products' market is round the corner in UK financial markets. However strategic conditionalities as stated below must be met before this happens. Competition with conventional banks Warren Edwardes says that "Given a choice between a pure Islamic bank and a highly rated reputable international bank providing the same service, a client would rather go to the one that has a brand name than the one that provides Islamic-only services, without the brand name - so special purpose Islamic Banks will just have to keep innovating to stay in business just like the old British Merchant Banks"(Warren, 2002). To begin with renaming the Arabic terminology, such as "Ijara" with "leasing" or "Musharakah" with "equity participation", will lead to a greater understanding of the Islamic banking system. If products are structured in islamically acceptable way then Islamic banks would address a niche market. In a system where both parties to a contract have to have their Sharia compliance status verified, and where a fault at any subsequent stage of the deal can void it entirely, having a standardized set of Sharia

Fundementals of communication term papaer Essay

Fundementals of communication term papaer - Essay Example My visits to Qatar however realign my communication approach. Group discussions, video-calling, online chatting, and email writing are some of the communication rituals that I engage in and their rules vary across cultural factors such as norms, values, and history. I, in this paper, explore the scope of cross-cultural communication along the rituals and rules. The communication rituals across cultures Group discussions Discussions in school and at work are some of the involved activities in cross-cultural communication and are significant to both interpersonal relations and in achieving discussions’ objectives. Discussions in school are mostly academic and aim at completing assignments and expanding individuals’ knowledge base on a subject. Culture however forms a barrier to this communication when discussions involve students from different cultures. Significant obstacles emerge between students from the western culture, especially natives in the United States, and st udents from Asian countries because these two groups have conflicting cultures regarding communication. Communication in the western culture is for example simple and direct while people from the East prefer an explorative approach to communication in which meanings are explained for sufficient understanding. Americans are also direct in their communication while some of the cultures from Asia prefer a developed interpersonal relationship before engaging in a communication’s subject matter. Other applicable barriers to cross cultural communication are culture-based ascent and respect for authority. People from the western culture offer an informal approach to communication and do not regard authority while individuals from most Asian cultures hold high regard for authority in their communication. These differences emerge to hinder discursive communications in both academic and work environments (Zhu and Zhu n.d.; Crossman and Kite, 2007). Culture is therefore the basis of com munication challenges in diversified set up and cultural awareness and cultural intelligence offer a solution. Cultural awareness defines knowledge of other people’s cultures and allows communicating parties to understand their partners in communication and be patient and tolerant, a factors that bridges developed barriers in cross cultural communication. Cultural intelligence however defines sensitivity to other cultures that allows a person to predict behavior of people from other cultures and to respond appropriately towards underscoring possible effects of cultural differences. This means that encountered cultural differences to discursive communications can be managed to ensure successful communication (Zhu and Zhu n.d.; Crossman and Kite, 2007). Video calling The obstacles in face-to-face cross-cultural communication are encountered in video calling that is another form of direct communication. This therefore means that video calling is subject to culture-based differen ces with respect to factors such as respect for authority, approach to communication, and cultural awareness and sensitivity among communicating parties are essential solutions. â€Å"Effects of local context and relations† are also significant to intercultural video calling (Lauring, 2011, p. 248). A person’s locality may suffer from technical and technological inefficiencies such as unavailability of the internet and a video camera or availability in poor quality, factors that hinder video calling (Crossman and

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Strategic Management - Essay Example Due to this, the company has restructured its hard lines and homes divisions to team related categories (Freshman 2006, 24-27). Wal-Mart uses the cost leadership strategy in which it fights to be the lowest cost producer in the industry but marinating the greatest quality o its products. In this strategy, Wal-Mart sets its prices quite lower than the average industry prices in order to win greater market share. The firm makes all efforts to improve process efficiencies. Since it is a multinational corporation, it targets the broad market to cover its costs. This cost leadership strategy is very effective at the global level of operations. Wal-Mart re-engineering and E-engineering Wal-Mart strives to be ahead of its competitors by incorporating satellite communication between cash register, distribution centers, and stores. This is something that makes it easy for customers in different areas purchase products from stores in different regions meeting the customers’ needs at the immediate point of demand. ... The general strategy that Wal-Mart has been employing in its operations is the low-cost, high volume strategy that targets its businesses at the global level. Because Wal-Mart has numerous stores in many countries, it therefore successfully undertakes this strategy of lowering its prices and producing in bulk to cover the costs by a considerable amount. It does this to increase its market share. It also manages this because it has lower operating expenses as compared to industry level (Lampel 2002, 51-52). This control strategy aims at ensuring reduced costs, high volume production, and improved quality. It is apparently clear that part of Wal-Mart’s strategy to remain competitive in its operations is to make products that prove to have less negative effects to the environment. In this regard, Wal-Mart regulates what products to sell in their stores. It has also come up with a sustainable waste management strategies aimed at reducing pollutants and ensuring a clean environment . For instance, it takes up proper waste management by implementing strategies to recycle paper products. This is seen through its efforts in the Go Green initiative. Apart from environmental friendliness, it seeks for ways to lower its costs in operations and instead use the saved monies in technological advancement (Massengil 2003, 66). Wal-Mart Reciprocal interdependence and Information sharing Wal-Mart reciprocal interdependence encourages communication from one department to the other whereby an input in one department becomes the input of the other. This means Wal-Mart communication is at highest level of communication or interaction. Reciprocal

M4 Differentiated, Learner-Centered Professional Development Essay

M4 Differentiated, Learner-Centered Professional Development - Essay Example There will be a survey that will be carried out at the end of the workshop to evaluate the workshop and to give suggestions for future workshops. There will also be an opportunity within the survey questionnaire for grading certain aspects of the institution in terms of teaching using the Leaning Forward and the Morzanos’ Nine steps. Participants are encouraged to be as honest as possible in their feedback to allow for accurate analysis and note that all the questionnaires shall remain anonymous for the sake of confidentiality. The professional development session will deal with both teachers and students. School administrators by the very nature of their work will also have to collaborate with the teachers and the students in terms of facilitating the means by which feedback is received and analyzed. This is the best practice for making changes and it is the best guide to decision making at all levels whether it is in the classroom or in the boardroom. Data based needs of new teachers can be slightly different from those who have been in the profession in the past because change is dynamic in all fields with the ever-changing work environment, which is influenced by change and technological advances. This has brought differentiation. It is pertinent to note that the teaching profession has many stakeholders with the major two stakeholders being the teacher and the student. The session will be borrowing heavily form Professional developments for professional learning, which is a leader in the area of individual teacher effectiveness. This is an effective and great approach to professional learning, which will translate to better student learning, as it seeks to improve the individual performance of teachers. The entire concept is core to the majority of national edu ­cation systems and their effectiveness, as this type of strategic approach puts singular emphasis on aligning professional development with teacher

How historians make use of other social sciences Essay

How historians make use of other social sciences - Essay Example By tradition and definition, history requires certain written records which can be evaluated and reviewed. Verbal or the oral history often gets lost and the historians or the interested professionals try to understand the history through folklores and myths where there is no written account. History has normally been understood as common memory of the people that provides with the detailed account of the past. The subject also imprisons shared experiences, values and ideas and helps one to analyze the past to figure out the future ideas, experiences and values. The tools offered by the social sciences are â€Å"behind† or â€Å"beneath† historical institutions, ideas and events (dimensions of economic change, social inequality, population growth and mobility, social protest, behavior and mass attitude and voting patterns) (Robinson,†History†). As discussed earlier, history is an amalgamation of various other subjects particularly social sciences. Also, the trend among the historians suggests that the scholars of history have used other disciplines of social science within the periphery of the gamut of history. The scholars of the field often used other related subjects like geography, political science, law and economics in order to analyze the historical events. The scholars of the subject believe that without inculcating other social sciences, historical events cannot be understood in the right and the best spirit. According to the school of thought, one must know about the political happenings or the geographical particulars of any area or person before knowing the history of the person or of the area. Such inculcation provides wider spectrum and helps a lot to understand the exact scheme of things that had occurred long back. Many of the scholars are of the view that such usage of other social science subjects with in the domain of history is because of the fact that all of the social science subjects are inter –

Michael Graves Essay Example for Free

Michael Graves Essay Art Appreciation Michael Graves Michael Graves is a post-modern architect born in Indianapolis, Indiana on July 9th 1934. He graduated from Broad Ripple High School; he then attended and got his bachelor degree at the University of Cincinnati. After getting his bachelors, he went to Harvard where he got his masters in Interior design. After college he started career as an architect, it was in 1968 when he designed and built the Hanselmann House in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He built houses for about 10 years until he started building all kinds of buildings. He built anything from the Dolphin Resort at Disney world from the Denver Public Library. Graves has been designing buildings of all types since 1968 very rapidly, some years designing four or more buildings a year. One of Gravess most famous buildings is the Portland building in Oregon. This building was made in 1980 and is unique because of how he surprised everyone with the exterior design. He used a pair of classical columns that have no structural function. He made these columns stand out by setting them in a reflecting pool. The Portland public says the building is both formal and playful, governor Ivancie says that most big city building were beginning to be built to simple with Just glass outsides. He says the Portland building doesnt lack design features like other big city buildings. Some did criticize the design but most were thrilled by the uniqueness of the new building. People say there is type of humor to his designs and buildings. Graves has become an opponent of modern works who uses humor as an integral part of his architecture (1). Graves uses designs from the past and puts his own twist on them. Graves re-interpreted the rational style that had been introduced by Le Corbusier in the 1920s into a neoclassical style (1). Michael Graves has many building that are very famous, but his design on the Humana Building in Louisville, Kentucky is maybe his best design hes had. His design on this building got him in the time magazine. TIME Magazine listed it as one of the 10 best buildings of the decade (2). The building looks different from every side. Many say it is one of the most unique and distinctive skyscrapers in America. Critics say it is a textbook example of Postmodernism. Graves Humana building is said to have its fair share of flaws but the brilliant design more than counteracts the flaws. While the building has undeniable flaws, they are easily outweighed by its attributes, hich have only grown stronger with time(3). http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/entertainment_tv/house/ http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/technology_internetcritic/ https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=JwhZCwAAQBAJpg=PA225lpg=PA225dq=http://featuresblogs.+chicagotribune.+com/tsource=blots=CwG3pAKd5lsig=5KrPfyo2wN90yu3ZXrsblMPOpewhl=uksa=Xved=0ahUKEwjy0NvQhoPUAhVKD5oKHUzSCe8Q6AEIRDAE#v=onepageq=http%3A%2F%2Ffeaturesblogs.%20chicagotribune.%20com%2Ftf=false https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humana_Building Humana http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Michael_Graves.html

Nickel-mediated Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate

Nickel-mediated Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Abstract: The Ni(II) complexes [Ni(5-C5H3 R2)(X)(NHC)] 1a–f combined with MAO was tested in methylmethacrylate (MMA) polymerization. The complex 1f, bearing the bulky 2,6-diisopropenylphenyl substituents in the NHC ligand was found to be the most effective in the polymerization of MMA with TOF up to 200 h-1 resulting in a syndiotactic, high molecular weight PMMAs which can be explained by anionic, MAO-centered polymerization mechanism. Introduction: A great deal of attention is currently being paid to polymers containing polar monomers,  which may give rise to new high-performance materials with high adhesion and toughness and good dyeing and moisture adsorption properties.1 Metal-based catalysts tolerant of polar functionalities, which perform homopolymerization, and if possible copolymerization with nonpolar olefins, are being sought. Late transition metal complexes look promising because of their lower oxophilicity,2 and probable tolerance against polar monomers, and against impurities in polar olefins polymerization. Acrylates are polymerized and copolymerized for many different uses including coatings,  textiles, adhesives, and paper.3 Commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) has been produced since 1927.4 Like many other polar monomers, acrylates are commonly polymerized by 18radical5 or anionic mechanisms. In addition, polymerization of acrylates with late transition metal complexes has been studied.6 Metallocene  group IV complexes are known to be excellent for this type of polymerization. Half-sandwich nickel(II) complexes with N heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) of the general formula [Ni(5-C5H4R)(X)(NHC)] (R = H or alkyl, X= Cl, Br, I) was synthesized by reacting nickelocene or its derivatives and suitable imidazolium salts . The diamagnetic property of these compounds helps in showing some C-C bond forming reactions. But, complexes 1 are very active in aryl dehalogenation and aryl amination, hydrothiolation of alkynes and oxidation of secondary alcohols as a precatalyst. Experimental: Materials and synthesis: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) Methyl acrylate (MA), [Ni(acac)2], Toluene, Purified THF, and hexane 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylbut-3- enyl)cyclopentadiene complexes 1a–d and 1f [Ni(5-C5H5)(CH3CN)(IMes)]+(PF6)− [5] [Ni(5-C5H5)(Cl) (PPh3)] MAO (10% wt. solution in toluene) Synthesis of 1e: A hexane solution of n-BuLi (2.5 mL, 5.1 mmol) and a THF (5 mL) solution of  1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylbut-3-enyl) cyclopentadiene (4.83 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 h at ambient temperature. This solution was added to the solution of [Ni(acac)2] (1.199 g, 4.67 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at −78 oC. A color change immediately from green to red is observed and a suspension of 1,3-dimesitylimidazolinium chloride  [12] (1.693 g, 4.96 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was quickly added at this temperature. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to ambient temperature and stirred for a further 2 h. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The solid residue was extracted with hexane (20 mL) and filtered through Celite. Complex 1e was isolated by crystallization as a red, microcrystalline solid. Polymerization: 14mg of Complex 1f(0.0255 mmol) dissolved in 15ml of toluene in a schlenk tube with a magnetic stirrer in it. To this solution, MAO ((5.10 mL, 10% wt. in toluene, 7.65 mmol) which is red in color was added by a gas tight pipette which results in a brown solution. The obtained brown solution was stirred at ambient temperature for half an hour. Now MMA(2.72 mL, 0.0255 mol) was added and the apparatus is placed in a oil bath maintaining 50oC with vigorous stirring. The reaction mixture was now quenched with excess of CH3OH (200 mL) and then filtered. PMMA was collected by filteration and washed with CH3OH and kept for over night drying. The obtained polymer is purified with small volume of CHCl3 and stirred overnight with 10% aq. HCl. The organic and the aqueous phases are separated and the organic phase is poured into excess of CH3OH. A white solid PMMA was isolated by filteration. 2.4. Characterization NMR spectr at ambient temperature on a Mercury-400BB spectrometer operating at 400 MHz for 1H NMR was recorded and at 101 MHz for 13C NMR was recorded. EI (70 eV) mass spectra on an AMD-604 spectrometer was recorded. MALDI-TOF mass spectra w with a Bruker Daltonics ultrafleXtremeTM mass spectrometer using HABA matrix was recorded. The average molecular weights were measured on a LabAlliance liquid chromatograph equipped with a Jordi Gel DVB Mixed Bed column (250 mm Ãâ€" 10 m) using CH2Cl2 as the mobile phase at 30 à ¢- ¦C and calibrated with standard PMMAs. 2.5. Crystal structure determination The selected single crystals mounted in inert oil were transferred to the cold gas stream of the diffractometer. Diffraction data was collected at 100(2) K on the Oxford Diffraction Gemini A Ultra diffractometer with graphite-monochromated Mo-K radiation. Cell refinement, data collection, data reduction and analysis were performed with the CrysAlisPRO [13]. Empirical absorption correction using spherical harmonics was applied. The structure was solved in monoclinic space group P21/c by direct methods using the SHELXS program . It is worth noting here that the skew angle ÃŽ ² is very close to 90à ¢- ¦. Full-matrix least-squares refinement against F2 values was carried (SHELXL-97 and OLEX2. Table 1 Crystal data, data collection and refinement parameters for complex 1e. Complex 1e Empirical formula C38H51ClN2Ni Crystal size (mm) 0.07 Ãâ€" 0.07 Ãâ€" 0.40 M ·(g mol−1) 629.96 Crystal system Monoclinic Space group P21/c (no. 14) Z 4 F(0 0 0) 1352 Temperature (K) 100(2) Dcalc. (g cm−3) 1.251 Absorption coefficient (mm−1) 0.688 Radiation Mo-K ( = 0.71073A)ËÅ ¡ range (à ¢- ¦) 3.3–30.0 Index range −20 ≠¤ h ≠¤ 20; −13 ≠¤ k ≠¤ 13; −13 ≠¤ l ≠¤ 13 Reflections collected 37,962 Unique data 9684, Rint = 0.0355 Observed refl. [I > 2ÏÆ'(I)] 8195 Data/restraints/parameters 9684/17/415 Goodness-of-fit on F2 a 1.043 Results and discussion: Synthesis: The series of Ni(II) complexes 1a–d and 1f (Scheme 1) was prepared from nickelocene or 1,1’ bis(allyl)nickelocene and the suitable imidazolium salt. Complex 1e bearing the 1,3-disubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligand could not be obtained by this route. Therefore, it was synthesized form the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl congener [4e] from [Ni(acac)2] by the one-pot two-step procedure intermediate {(5-1,3- R2C5H3)Ni(acac)} (Scheme 2). Scheme 1. Ni(II) complexes used in this study, where R = allyl (1d) or 1,1-dimethyl-but-3-en-1-yl (1e); Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl. Scheme 2. The synthesis of complex 1e, where R = 1,1-dimethyl-but-3-en-1-yl, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl. From the symmetry of the molecule, it is found that the geometry of the molecule was trigonal planar. The bond angles and the lengths between nickel and its substituents are approximately same compared to the related compounds. Due to week contact between H(29A) hydrogen of mesityl methyl group C(29) and the chlorine ion [H(29A) ·Cl(1) 2.57 and C(29A) ·Cl(1) 3.5346(15)A] it resulted in the formation of a week intra molecular C H ·Cl hydrogen bond. 3.2. Polymerization: Polymerization was performed under the similar environment of the styrene polymerization with an excess of commercial MAO. A toluene solution of complex 1 was treated with an excess of MAO (Al:Ni = 100:1) for 30 min at ambient temperature. Then MMA (MMA:Ni = 1000:1) was added and the polymerization was run in a sealed Schlenk tube for 3 h at 50 à ¢- ¦C. The reaction mixture was separated as a homogenous mixture. Molecular structure of complex 1e. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate with complexes 1–3 and MAOa. The bromide analog 1b displayed slightly higher activity compared to 1a, while complex 1c bearing the alkyl-aryl NHC ligand was somewhat more productive than 1b in the productivity of the [Ni(Cp)(X)(NHC))]/MAO catalytic system. Substiuted cyclopentadienyl ligands was examined and complex 1d with allylcyclopentadienyl ligand gave the same result as 1a. It was reasoned that the allyl group might be too small to induce any effect. Therefore complex 1e with two bulky substituents was synthesized and tested to give the same conversion as 1d. By introducing the more bulky 2,6-diisopropylphenyl substituents in the NHC ligand (complex 1f) the yield of PMMA was 34% and when the excess of MAO was increased (Al:Ni = 300:1), the isolated yield of PMMA was increased to 60%. Changing the solvent resulted in a disappointing yield which was predicted to be due to the solubility problem. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to determine the microstructure of PMMA. Syndiotactic-rich polymers were resulted toluene where atactic PMMA was obtained with hexane and this was because of the formation of MMA polymers via different mechanism in hexane and toluene. Isolated Methanol soluble oligomeric MMA were studied by MALDI-TOF MS which suggests more than one mechanism was operating the reaction. Scheme 3. Rationale for the formation of poly(methyl methacrylate) with [Ni(Cp)(X)(NHC)]/MAO. The structure of Ni complex had considerable effect on the overall yield of MMA with no influence on the molecular weight distribution or tacticity of the resulting polymer and the Al : Ni ratio do not effect the tacticity of the polymer. It was supposed that MMA polymerized by co ordinative anionic mechanism described in scheme 3. Conclusion: It can summarized that the complexes 1a-f and 2 can initiate polymerization of MMA in the presence of MAO with TOF up to 200h-1. The results of PMMA with GPC, NMR and MS imply a anionic, MAO-centered mechanism of polymerization catalyzed by Ni(II) species. References: 1. H. Martin in Ziegler Catalysis (Eds. G. Fink, R. Mà ¼lhaupt, H. H. Brintzinger), Springer  Verlag, Berlin, 1995, p 15. 2. G. Natta, P. Pino, G. Mazzanti, U. Giannini J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 (1957) 2975. 3. A. Andresen, H.-G. Cordes, J. Herwig, W. Kaminsky, A. Merck, R. Mottweiler, J. Pein, H.  Sinn, H.-J. Vollmer Angew. Chem. 88 (1976) 689. 4. H. Sinn, W. Kaminsky, H.-J. Vollmer, R. Woldt Angew. Chem. 92 (1980) 396. 5. (a) H. Sinn, W. Kaminsky Adv. Organomet. Chem. 18 (1980) 99. (b) H. H. Brintzinger, D.  Fischer, R. Mà ¼lhaupt, B. Rieger, R. M. Waymouth Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34  (1995) 1143 and references therein. (c) W. Kaminsky, Makromol. Chem. Phys. 197  (1996) 3907. (d) M. Bochmann, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 3 (1996) 255. (e) L.  Resconi, L. Cavallo, A. Fait, F. Piemontesi, Chem. Rev. 100 (2000) 1253. 6. (a) M. R. Kesti, G.W. Coates, R.M. Waymouth, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114 (1992) 9679. (b) X.  Yang, C.L. Stern, T.J. Marks J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 (1994) 10015. (c) D.J. Crowther,  N.C. Baenziger, R.F. Jordan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 (1991) 1455. (d) P. Aaltonen, G.  Fink, B. Là ¶fgren, J. Seppà ¤là ¤, Macromolecules 29 (1996) 5255.

Ryanair External Analysis

Ryanair External Analysis Ryanair is an airline company which is well known for its low cost airline service in Europe. Ryanair was founded in 1985 by Christy Ryan, Liam Lonergan and noted Irish businessman, Tony Ryan. It has its head office in Dublin Airport in Ireland. The company which was running in loss was restructured in 1991 by Michael OLeary with no-frills, low-cost service which yielded profits to the company. It operates more than two hundred and twenty Boeing 737-800 aircrafts from 40 bases all over Europe, which is the largest airline company that carries millions of passengers every year. Revenue where raised from $231million in 1998 to $843 million in 2003.It showed considerable profits from  £48 million to  £239 million over the due course. The company yielded revenues of  £ 2,713.8 million during the financial year which ended March 2008, which is an increase of 21.3% compared to year 2007.The other revenue provide to Ryanair where car hire, travel insurance, etc which account to 16% of the total revenue. So the major vision of the company is to be the leader in the low fare airlines in Europe. The objective of the Ryanair airline company is to be the number one company in terms of customer service. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS: In the environmental scanning process we are going to see the external analysis. The PESTEL is an macro environmental scanning tool. The PESTEL which is known as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Leagal. Let us discuss the factors in detail. (P)olitical Factors: The major political factors that affect the Ryanair are the pressure which is caused from the trade unions especially Pilot trade unions. The act of terrorism is another major political factor which will affect the airline service with increased time delays for security services. The landing charges is another important factor which influences politically. Due to the high landing fee in Stansted, Ryanair has decided to move routes from the Stansted to Gatwick (which is providind lower landing charges). Also the EU which has abolished the sales of duty-free items also causes major impact. (E)conomic Factors: The major economic factor is the unstable conditions in the fuel prices which affects the airline companys growth. Ryanair estimated that fuel bill is set to increase  £732m (in the financial year 2008) to  £1.01bn which had affected the profits down to  £235m between 2008 and March 2009.Further the weakening of the Pound value(GBP) also influences a lot on the growth of Ryanair. The recession and increase in the inflation rates have also affected the growth. The taxation issues are a very important factor which affects the economic growth of the company. (S)ocial Factors: The major social factors is the increase in travelling lifestyles of the people which affects the business of Ryanair .There are a variety of people who will prefer different ways of travelling and comfort. The increasing population which will be focusing on the health and fitness safety measures provided. So this will make the company spend a lot on the security service. Further the ageing population needs more leg space and health safety measures implementations. (T)echnological Factors: The new bigger planes with good modern technologies are required for the huge passenger traffic. So this in turn affects the economy of the company. The other important factor is the internet. The online ticket booking has increased from the year 2001 which made the company invest more on the outsourcing of these operations. Further the new technology planes with less fuel consumption are very important focus to buy in the situation where the fuel prices are increasing. (E)nvironmental Factors: The most important environmental factor which affects the companys revenue growth is the carbon emission and green house issues. So this makes the company to upgrade its existing planes to less carbon emission and less noise producing new technology planes. Further the carbon emission schemes differ between countries which in turn increase the taxing policies, so this also affects the economy of the company. (L)egal Factors: These include the EU regulators and the regulations which in turn reflects in the companys growth. The health and safety measures are also one of the legal factors in which case the passengers might sue the company for any accidents occurred . Further the landing charges varies between the countries which causes the company to pay more for landing in some bases. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: For the industrial analysis we use the Porters Five Forces. In this picture L-LOW M-MEDIUM H- HIGH Considering this porters five forces the bargaining power of customers and the suppliers will be low because the airfare is already low which is quite reasonable. The threat of the substitutes will be medium which might depend on the relative price and quality of the substitutes. The threat of new entrants and the competitive rivalry is very high. For example the major competitor for Ryanair is the EasyJet airline which offers low price airfare with good customer service. This is described as below Market Segmentation Positioning Of Ryanair: Ryanair targets the people belonging to the middle class. It offers best low airfare with attractive packages. Even Ryanair offered free carriage of skis and snowboards to passengers flying to the Alps on September 2009. This even made people more happy to choose Ryanair for their travel, whereas their rival British Airways stopped their passengers from carrying their skis Positioning Of Ryanair: 1. Premium 2. Premium/ Competitive 4. Competitive 5.Competitive/ Leader 1. Excellent 2. Excellent/ Average 4. Average/ Acceptable 5. Acceptable 1. Original 2. Original/ Customized 3. Customized 4. Customized /Basic 1. Restricted 3. Restricted/ Selective 4. Selective/ Universal 5. Universal 1. Prestigious 2. Prestigious/ Respected 4. Respected 5. Respected/ Functional 1.Comprehensive 2.Comprehensive/ Standard 3. Standard 4. Standard/ Minimal PRICE QUALITY FEATURES AVAILABILITY SUPPORT REPUTATION Resource Resources of Ryanair: The resources are known as the tangible and intangible assets that a firm uses to choose and then implement them in strategies. The capabilities are the skills that the firm uses in order to bring its resources to bear the ongoing things. The Resources of the Ryanair are Physical Resources Ryanair operates a fleet of 232 new Boeing 737-800 aircraft. Ryanair has 41 bases and more than 1100 routes across 26 countries, which is connecting 153 destinations. Even the company has ordered 82 new flights which will be delivered within 3 years of time. This shows the companys rapid growth and expansion. Financial Resources The major financial resource like the number of flights that the company yielded is from the low cost airfare. The financial resources of Ryanair is quite strong when compared with its rival Easyjet which is shown in the table below Human Resources Ryanair currently has a crew of around 7000 people and carries around millon more than 58 million people in the year 2008.   Capabilities Of Ryanair: The capabilities of the Ryanair are the lowest airfares and the quickest turnaround time. Their innovative strategies on the cost reduction and the principle of No Frills are also an added advantage. They also focus on particular segment of market with some clear offers. They also have the large brand awareness. Ansoff Strategic Direction Matrix: The Igor Ansoff direction matrix helps the firms to decide on the possible ways to grow the business in the existing or new products , in the existing or new market. In this way we get four possible combinations. They are: Market Penetration Product Development Market Development Diversification These are describes in the picture below So by using the combinations from Ansoff , the Ryanair company seems to have successfully penetrated into the airline market by offering its customers with a very Low Airfare . Here the product which means the various services offered by Ryanair in the flight . The most significant one is the Low Airfare pricing offered to the passengers. Hence their market penetration is very strong and successful and also their product developed very well because of the low pricing of the air tickets. So naturally this made the company to become the largest low fare carriers across the Europe . This also influenced the development of the company in the airline market with the purchasing of many Boeing aircrafts with modern facilities. Further the company has expanded its routes to more than 1100 in more than 26 countries with 153 destinations. This is the major development in the airline market which attracted more customers. The company recorded the largest passenger carriers with 58 million pass engers travelling during the year 2008. This expansion made them to be more popular internationally which in fact required the divergence of employees and culture. So these have diversified the management and people they operate and made them to successfully unite them together. This is the major factor which made them to further penetrate and result in the product development to the existing and new markets. Hence the Ryanair here maintains B2C which yields them more profits. This also helps them to make a good customer relationship and also give them a reliable low priced air tickets. This makes the company Ryanair to be the leading Low airfare carriers among the European airline companies. Hence the low pricing strategy of Ryanair have targeted on the middle class people but with very basic services. Cost Reducing Strategy: The Ryanair follows the most effective strategies which is the cost reducing strategies. This cost reducing strategies helps the company to achieve the desired targets of low cost airfare. These are achieved by five major aspects. They are: Fleet Commonality Contracting the services to third parties The charges in airport and route policy Managing the staff and productivity costs Managing the marketing cost Fleet Commonality: The Ryanair has only the new Boeing 737 flight models which help the company in reducing the costs spent on maintenance such as obtaining the spare parts and also the training costs .This is the major advantage to the company to maintain single model of the air fleet which even increases the travel line security with new technology flights. Even these will help the company to save the fuel consumption and these flights are more fuel efficient and also maintain good safety. This also helps them in scheduling the fights and assembling the crew members. Contracting the services to third parties: The Ryanair has outsourced the services to third parties. They made deals with Hertz car rentals and hotels. So in this fast moving world people prefer to go for these good services along with their trips in order to save time and money. In this way they earn ancillary revenue of 16% of the profit. Further apart from the Dublin airport where they have their crew members to serve, the remaining airports they have contracted to the third parties to serve the ticket handling. In this way they also escape from the direct exposure of the potential disputes. The charges in airport and route policy: Since the Ryanair sells the tickets on its own, there is no activity of the agents required most often. So there is no necessity for the agent commission. So the company saves upto 15% on the agency commission. In order to reduce the airport landing fees, passenger landing fee, etc the company select the secondary and the regional airports which in turn increases the passenger throughput. Managing the staff and Productivity cost: The Ryanair follows the principle of paying the salary to their employees based on their performance. This is one of the best practices the modern companies are following these days to increase the work force performance and which in turn bring good revenue to the company. Hence they follow the modest salary policy. This in turn increases the productivity. Further most of the pilots are recruited when they are young pilots cadets which makes the company to train and make short term deals with them. Even the cabin crew should pay for their uniforms to be clean. Managing the marketing cost: The Ryanair in order to reduce the marketing costs it makes most of the marketing on its own without the travel agents. So it saves a lot in the agent commissions. Further the company spend a reasonable amount of money in advertising. The advertising tools used are like the newspapers, company website and also television. Porters Value Chain: The porters value chain is a chain with various activities for the company operating in a specific field. It has various varies Primary activities like the Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, Marketing sales, Service. The other part is the support Activities which consists of administration infrastructure, Human Resource Management, Technology part and the Procurement. These values are very important for the company to maintain its performance and get a good profit in turn. Here the very important value is the no frill service and which makes the company to offer a low cost airfare. The various value drivers and their costs are identified for each of the value activity. Hence here for the Ryanair airline company the following are the identified values using the Porters Value Chain. Porters Generic Strategies: Michael Porter categorised the three general strategies that are to be used by the business firms in order to achieve competitive advantage. Hence these three strategies are defined in two different dimensioned they are the competitive scope and the competitive strength. The various generic strategies that the Ryanair company has chosen are the cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, differentiation focus. The cost leadership is the major strategies used by the Ryanair which still makes it to the leading airline companies in Europe. The Ryanair maintains the low cost policy which is an advantage for its good market existence. Further it has made the people to choose the option of low airfare even in the existing market competition. Differentiation here is that it made their customers to be more satisfied regarding the low pricing airfare. Hence there it still retained the long run customer satisfaction regarding the airfare cost. The cost focus is mainly targeted on the people choosing low airfare travels. So the company has chosen the no frill strategy which still makes it more profitable in the markets. Even it has very cheap advertising concept which even adds more advantage. The reduced turnaround time and the various corporate partnership offers are also the competitive advantages of the company. The outsourcing of services in various international airports is also helpful to main tain its low cost airfare. Further the Ryanair follows the In-house marketing which also helps it to focus on low cost airfares. Even the company focussed on the narrow customer segment which will be including the Irish and the UK passengers who cannot afford to fly in expensive airlines. So the major goal of the company Ryanair is to provide the people with no frill service and low cost airfare all time. So Ryanair is the only company which has not yet revealed its strategic position. It has tried to mix up the focus and cost leadership together. So finally in 1997 the cost leadership strategy was being chosen by the company. This made the company more successful in its campaign. Hence the cost leadership is the best chosen strategies which make the company to be the leading one in the European airline industries. Hence this is the major competitive advantage the company has pursued. Conclusion: Hence from the above analysis the Ryanair proved to be the low cost airline which is confident of competing with its competitors in pricing. It is recommended that it should increase its services in the web which will yield more revenue these days. The Ryanair will surely make its successful way in Flying people withlow cost airfare. Critical Reflection: From the above discussed strategies the Ryanair airline company has achieved its goal of low cost airfare through no frill services. But still there are some areas that the company still need to improve in the strategic aspect. So based on the analysis we strongly recommend Ryanair to consider the airline expansion which is specifically the atlantic routes which is having the worlds 60% of air travel. Hence if it is moving on to the new market with this low cost airfare with some added services , then it will yield more profits compared to the present level. Further I recommend the Ryanair company to focus more on the following fields to improve its performance and which also yield good revenue to the company. Merging and Acquisitions Better reforms in human resource management Improving the market planning strategies Additional third party services Merging and Acquisitions: The merging and the acquisitions has become one of the major corporate-level strategies in this new millennium. Since the Ryanair is continuing to grow , it should make mergers or acquisitions with the companies in other countries which will rapidly increase its revenue. Even this will improve its capabilities and will also acquire more competitive advantage. Better reforms in human resource management: Since from the moment Ryanair started following its low cost airfare, it has sacrificed all its basic services. The company Ryanair does not seem to be valuing its people. Even it charges for the people for using the toilets. This made the pilots to oppose against this rules. There is a belief that the competitive advantage is also dependent on the human resource of the company. So there should be proper reforms in the human resource management .In this technological world the human resources are the only resources which will be bringing the sustainable competitive advantage. Improving the market planning strategies: The Ryanair should provide good customer services which in turn will yield good revenue to the company. So it should offer good airfare packages and promotions to the customers. This is the best way of improving the Core competence and will maintain its levelling in the competitive advantage. Further the company should also work out in holding the important air routes which will increase the revenue of the company. Further the expansion strategies are more important among the competitors. Further the Ryanair can give good low cost airline packages according to the various passenger population from different countries. This will helps the company to maintain a stable competitive advantage. The company should also provide the onboard entertainment services, Internet services and satellite television services. In online it can also sell some products with its brand name which is a good advertising strategy and also it will generate revenue. It can also reduce the charges imposed on over weight and extra luggages. The advertising strategies also should be made as digital marketing because the usage of internet has increased and people are more interested in booking tickets through online. So this digital marketing should be more effectively carried out which would increase the revenue of the firm. Additional third party services: The Ryanair outsourced the services to the third parties. Even still there are complaints from the passenger for the catering services in the plane. The company doesnt offer food free of cost inside the flight for the passenger. So it can also consider these recommendations to serve the passenger with food at a minimum charge. This will place the company more stable position among the competitors. Further the company can out source this catering service to a third party which also help the company to offer good service to the passengers.

Americanization and Canadian Culture :: Canadian Culture Essays

Americanization and Canadian Culture Gaà «tan Tremblay is a professor at the University in Quebec in Montreal. As a concerned Quebecois, He wrote an article which discusses the Americanization of Canada, in particular Quebec. Tremblay seems to have a strong stand point about the future of Quebec. Using statistical and literary evidence, primary and secondary sources, he attempts to support his argument that Quebec is a victim of American cultural colonization. Tremblay fears that Canadian culture is going to disappear as a result of the Canadian-American Free Trade Agreement. Tremblay started his article with what broadcasting is considered to be in Canada which is â€Å"an instrument of production and diffusion that must contribute to the maintenance and development of Canadian culture and its various components†. By this approach and use of words, he planted the idea that broadcasting is a fundamental tool for Canadian culture in his readers’ minds. This is effective because it insures how his readers will perceive broadcasting while reading the rest of his article. He supported this with an extract from the Broadcasting Act which focused on that point. His article started off strong but then weakened with his excessive use of quotations from the Canadian Broadcasting Act and his minimum effort in evaluating the quotes themselves. After discussing the importance of culture to Canadians he went on to mention how culture is not as important to Americans with his statement â€Å"For Americans, in contrast, cultural products are commodities like any other..†. Although this may strengthen his argument, it is also a biased statement since he is not American himself and he stated it like it was a known fact. Following that accusation, he attempted to support his idea of America’s dissolving culture by an exert from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration report which focuseed on the deregulation of their radio broadcasting system. The exert does not directly imply that the United States cares less about its culture because they are considering deregulation of radio broadcasting. The American Culture may not be threatened by deregulation the same way as the Canadian culture. But since he started his essay by mentioning how broadcasting â€Å"must† contribute to the development of Canadian culture, he is implying that the American culture has the same concept. The American culture may not be severely effected by deregulation just as the Canadian culture, so Tremblay’s argument may not be valid. To some readers who did not notice the bias, this argument may be considered very strong and convincing.

Tempest Essay -- essays research papers

The Tempest According to Elizabethan beliefs an individual's social position was more or less fixed. The King was King as he had been given a mandate by God, and all positions below this were based on a rigid social hierarchy, which were also dictated by birth. This ideology was decidedly conservative and used politically as a means of social control: forcing people with less status to internalise their inferiority and subservience, assuming it part of the natural order of the universe. Any rebellion, personal or collective, was therefore seen as an act of defiance not only against the State but God. This can be seen as a highly effective means of keeping order and perpetuating the power structures already existing in society. We can read literature as expressions of universal themes and investigations into human nature and the human conditions, but we can also give alternative readings that question natural assumptions and investigate the 'silences' in a text. In essence, reading the 'politics' of the play. A traditional reading of The Tempest would position Prospero as the victim of unjust betrayal, who stranded on an island with his beautiful, virtuous daughter, uses his magical powers to right the wrong done to him. It is the old story of the 'rightful' ruler who is disposed by the bad guys, but manages to get back his power and live happily ever after. A post-colonial reading, which foregrounds issues of race and power inequalities, would give quite a different interpretation. The play contains rebellions, political treachery, mutinies and conspiracies. There are many challenges to authority, however, the text resolves these problems in the end by having peace, harmony and order restored, with the rightful ruler placed back in his position of power. In this way any disruption to order is seen as evil and those who dare question it need to be punished, thus perpetuating the social values of the time. It is true that Antonio seized power from his older brother, Prospero, and that this usurpation is viewed as wrong by the dominant values of the time and by the text. This viewpoint is constructed by presenting Antonio as a treacherous, evil character who is willing to murder Alonso and Gonzalo. This is the view foregrounded by the play, but little is mentioned about why this state of affairs arose. The silences of the story, involving Antonio being ... ... values demand restraint, controland self-discipline (as seen later in Prospero's warnings to Ferdinand and Miranda) and the text equates indigenous values as barbaric and violent. In essence the European colonialist has invaded a new country, taken possession and set up their systems of values as the only legitimate code of behaviour. Through this Caliban has been dispossessed and forced to give up his ways of living and language. Caliban is constructed as innately inferior and savage because of his race. This is articulated by the supposedly sweet and tender Miranda: 'But thy vile race -/Though thou didst learn - had that in't which good natures/Could not abide to be with ..'(31) In these lines Caliban's race is seen as the reason for his barbaric behaviour - it is his very nature that makes him savage and dangerous. In this the text constructs other non-European races as savage, less human, incapable of so-called 'civilisation' all because of their race: this is a damning indictment of non-Europeans as it positions them as naturally inferior and unable to change their ways so that they will never be able to develop the fine sensitivity and refinement of Western civilisation.

Individual Assignment Essay

1. Introduction Nowadays, as experts are studying further and further about personality, the importance of it in the society and workplaces is highly aware by everyone. The more we know about personalities, the better we can understand why people do the things they do, and how to communicate with them. Knowing about our own personalities, we can improve our styles, reduce stress and conflicts as well as develop positive attitudes in life (punctuality, flexibility, willingness to learn, friendliness†¦) Therefore, through this paper, I will examine deeply in my personalities as a particular example to further understand this matter. Moreover, with the focus on how it affects me in personal and professional development, I can find and improve myself to achieve the best success in my future. 2. Methodology The basic concept of my assignment is the Big Five Personality Model. â€Å"Five basic dimensions underlie all other and encompass most of the variation in human personality† are: * Extraversion: one’s comfort level with relationships. Extraverts get their energy from interacting with others, while introverts get their energy from within themselves. Extraversion includes the traits of energetic, talkative, and assertive while introversion personalities are usually quiet, reserved and shy. * Agreeableness: the extent to which a person is good-natured, helpful, trusting, and cooperative. Traits include being kind, affectionate, cheerful and warm. * Conscientiousness: responsibilities and reliabilities. Conscientious people have self-discipline, well-organized, careful and responsible. * Openness to experiences: creative minds and willingness to learn. People with high level of openness tend to be imaginative, curious, independent and somehow artistic. * Emotional Stability: ability to deal with stress and other tense situations. A person who is very stable emotionally would remain calm in many situations and would feel secure. Bases on this theory, with the help of an online website, I’ve got the result about my personalities according to Big Five Model. With this result, I will be able to evaluate and improve my career as well as my positive personalities. 3. Analysis results: Results: http://img841.imageshack.us/img841/9448/yourbigfiveresults.png In my opinion, this result is matched 80% with my real personalities. In real life, I can be comfortable with people that I already knew before, especially classmates, parents, siblings†¦ I can do silly things, say lots of random things, and joke freely. However, with strangers, I usually keep a secured distance, be formal and respective as much as possible. Sometimes, in disadvantaged circumstances, I might be shy and stay quiet all the time being with strangers as I don’t want strangers to know too much about myself. That’s why my result in Extroversion is a little above average score (59/100 respectively). Consequently, this will help me find balance in group working, be opened and be quiet when needed. My job performance will be improved along with my social skills. Moreover, in competitive situations, especially facing with rivals, I can keep them from knowing about my strength and weakness; or pretend like I am not a dangerous rival for them. Next, refer to Openness to Experience trait, because I really like original, conventional and unchangeable things so the low score (20/100) is reasonable. I don’t have a variety of interests but only a few one and do it thoroughly with my passion. However, sometimes the closeness in my mind prevents me from create new ideas and stay creative while brainstorming. But it’s true that I am a down-to-earth person as I really hate unclear, misleading, dishonest things/people. I know this attitude sometimes has a bad effect on my career and my personal life since I am not willing to learn new things so my training performance will not be as good as I expect. If I am a leader, I might ignore helpful creative ideas from my teammates. My honest and straight personality also bring me hard times dealing with others although it’s a really worthy trait. However, I believe that the original is always the best basement for my every innovation. It helps me balance a group that contains many open-minded people and keep conventional values of life. This conventional and honest personality might be one of the important reasons leads to my disagreeableness (22/100 of agreeableness). Because I am a little stubborn and hard to be persuaded, sometimes I find the dishonest people, the unclear things or the too-reliable-on-others person really uncomfortable and annoy me. Normally, I am quite kind and lovable; but whenever I am concentrating in doing something, I can easily be irritated by people who try to distract me. My perfection attitude also get me into quarrels as I always find the mistakes in others’ performances and try to fix it for them. Nevertheless, as my friends and teammates stated, the perfectionist inside me really helps them a lot when they complete their tasks. I am easy to be angry and annoyed but it’s always reasonable and related to work issues or problems of the equity. So I think this is not a disadvantage but an advantage for my career and personal life. Besides that, my flexibility in Emotional Stability helps me a lot in dealing with these two weaknesses. Despite easily being irritated by others, I can hold it in and balance my emotions really well. I made decision for tense situations really slowly and calmly. I don’t take it as a pressure or stress but only a problem like other problems everyone needs to face in life. One important reason for the low score is I am truly an optimist, seeing things with believe, happiness and hope. It’s not that I paint my life with pink, but my rational thinking always leads me to better things, not worsen the situations. As a result, my stress level will be reduced a lot, prevent me from being overload with tasks, problems, personal matters†¦ Because I know how to show my expressions and emotions at the right time, to the right person, my social relationships are really good, bring me benefits in both personal and professional life. I can tell that I have only one close best friend; but I have a lot of good friends who are ready to help me anytime I need, thanks to my emotional stability. The last trait is conscientiousness with high score at 83/100. This indicates that I am a well-organized, disciplined and reliable person. I really hate disorganized things and people. I always try to arrange my stuff into a fixed positions and I hate when someone try to change it or make it messy. I usually make plans; review its process regularly and try to finish as perfect as possible. If I am assigned a task, I will try to do it thoroughly and not let anyone complain about my performance, or at least reach the bearable stage. This is applied with not only my personal events but also my working tasks and problems, especially tasks I have a lot of interests in like handicrafts, writing for magazines, reviewing things. In my point of view, this is the most important trait among five traits. My great efforts and responsibilities will bring me more and more knowledge, then contribute to higher level of my job performance, as well as help me organize my life effectively. Not only those but people also trust me and respect me for my enthusiasm, concentration and reliability. Therefore, if I am a leader, I can easily affect and lead my teammates follow my decisions or instructions; also my position, status in the group will be firm and long lasted. 4. Conclusion & Lessons learned To summarize, my personalities according to Big Five are quite correct and bearable. The five traits, no matter how high or low, have certain effects on our personal and professional development. It also indicates that everyone has their own personalities and no one is similar to another one. Although this is only a test and might not say everything about oneself, but based on those personalities, we can find the best solutions for our problems, the best way to live and the best career to take. Knowing about personalities, we can try to improve the good side and reduce or fix the bad side of our attitude to improve our living standard, job performance and satisfaction. Moreover, when dealing with relationships in society, we can have a wider view of one person, especially when being a leader joining in group works or assigning suitable tasks.

The Extraordinary Making of You

The three-part docudrama series Countd take to Life The Extraordinary qualification of You, by Jonathan Renouf, Naomi Austin and Martin Johnson is depicted most the journey to discover the extremity of the defining of us, the human beings.Hosted by Michael Mosley the nonsubjective contains animations of fetal teaching and man-to-mans sharing their stories about their own birth faults eyepatch relating to the fetal cultureal process that happens prior to birth.Though the documental does not explain the human development process in exposit, I dogged that this was a good start for laymen who wants to comprehend the process of how us human beings be made from the point in time of conception to the point of birth at forty weeks.As a human being life story in the social community, we need a better understanding on how an individual operates either biologically, behaviourally or emotionally.The documentary emphatic on critical stages that happened before we were natura l and the consequences of having a defect when the developmental process was disrupted. In which it delivers, it in addition brought upon the uniqueness and differences of human beings in the concept of biology, foc apply in particular in communicables.In the following paragraphs, while basing on the documentary I pass on explain more in details on the critical stages of fetal development process with in-depth explanations of the defects that could occur in spite of appearance these stages.The foremost episode of the documentary series ventures well-nigh the processes that happens to the fertilized egg during the first eight weeks in the uterus.It shows how the human development began with the process called dressing where the male gamete, sperm unneurotic with the charrly gamete, the oocyte, fused and unite to give rustle to a zygote (Sadler Langman, 2012). Two sets of cistrontic instructions, half from each pargonnt combine to cr eradicatee unique genetic formula fo r one human being.Occasionally, instead of forming nevertheless one zygote, the cell divides to become kindred correspond, triplets, and in r be cases, even quadrangle cases. Holly, Jessica, Ellie and Georgie, are one of the rare undistinguishable quadruplets in which it was mentioned that the odds of having 4 genetically resembling individuals are one in 64 million.A theory was presented for how split embryos nates be formed and it was due(p) to the partition of vital communication betwixt the cells causing clumps of cells to get separated and went on to create separate individuals. This shows that just from a simple yet complicated breakdown process that occurs between the cells, it could affect the piece of individuals to be formed, causing the creation of akin twins. This however, does not applies to what we called fraternal twins.In biology, identical twins are termed as monozygotic twins while fraternal twins are termed dizygotic twins. jibe to Lakna (2017), on h er article Difference between monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins, she explained that dizygotic twins are developed from totally devil unalike eggs, which are fertilized by sperms separately.When a woman is pregnant with fraternal twins, it is like having two pregnancies at one simultaneous time. strange identical twins that are genetically similar, fraternal twins are in all different individuals that does not share the same(p) genetic properties. It is mesmerising to find that human could be undergoing the same process yet so different, due to simple twists just within five long time of conception.I was stupefy by the next fact that I found from the documentary. It was claimed that around 200 hours by and by conception, changes that occurred in the embryo can square up the lifespan of an individual. Based on septettety-year research done in Keneba,Gambia that study on this matter, children conceived during dry months are at seven times higher risk of death rate compared to that of children conceived during unwavering months.In dry season, mothers eat more calorie-rich grains compared to mothers who conceive in the wet season, who eat more leafy greens. The moleculer chemical substance from the vegetables combines with the strand of DNA and changes how some our genes browse permanently, affecting our lifespan.In many socio-cultural norms in the world, the expression eating for two is radiation diagramly heard to refer to pregnant women in regards to their dietary habits. Ellis, Giannetti, and Fagan (2011) conducted an analysis of relationship of mothers nutritional intake with the effect on her development fetus in life. In the analysis, the authors verbalize that, the most primary(prenominal) thing a mother can do during motherliness is take care of her own dust so that the baby can blast later in life.Hence, it is snuff it that mother plays important role in determining the health of the future coevals that will be born, either physicall y, metabolically, psychologically or genetically.Melanie Gaydos story is one of the stories that remained inbuilt in my mind from the moment I watched it.From the story, I knew that her birth defect has bear on her deeply in psychosocial aspect and influenced the flows of her life, do her for who she was. Her story discussed on what happened to a fetus within the first fifteen days after conception.The cells began to transform into over four hundred different cell types to shape up parts of the trunk. Human beings are made up of three layers of cells ectoderm, mesoblast and endoderm. Any defect during this point of shift could nurture practiced defects to the embryo, such as in Gaydos case, ectodermal dysplasia.Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of inherited disorders characterised by defect in hair, teeth, nails, or sweat secreter function, in addition to other ab formulaities in the ectodermal tissues.The disease is caused by alteration or deletion of particular genes fix ed on different chromosomes and it either can be passed down the family line, or the mutation occurred de novo (Bhaudaria, Sharma, & Prajapat, 2014). Talking about genes, the documentary also shared the story of Nell who inherited an bare(a) growth gene from her father.Unlike her, a normal embryo inherits one entirely growth gene from both enate and maternal origin and each of the gene balance one another to produce a normal-sized embryo. This defect made her a large for gestational age (LGA) fetus and the extra gene has stimulated the overproduction of growth hormone, IGF-2.She became morphologically larger than her peers and consequently, undetermined her to a high risk of cancer. From their cases, it is important that we need to have a normal gene development to ensure a normal development of self.In our embody, we have hair-like projections called cilia to hold the proper placement of organs in our body.The process usually occurs around nineteen days after conception. Av erage normal human beings have their nitty-grittys find on the left side of the body and the liver is located on the mature side. In rare instances, there are cases where the organs are located in totally opposite sites like a mirror image and this happened to Randy Foye.His shape is called dextrocardia. Maldjian and Saric (2007) wrote a review on dextrocardia. According to their review, dextrocardia is a heart positional unusual person in which heart is located in the reform hemithorax with its base-to-apex axis directed to the right and is caused by intrinsic factors of the heart itself.Since I was a medical student before, I could assure that his condition would definitely stupefy any doctors of any level of accept during the regular medical check-up session. Fortunately, according to the documentary the condition did no harm to his body and he could live as a normal living being, outwardly. Commonly, dextrocardia is accompanied by cardiac anomalies (Maldjian & Saric, 200 7).The formation of the heart itself began when the embryo was initially a flat disc. It whence folded and became a neural tube and the edges came together to form a spinal cord. Eventually, vulgar heart was created and within five weeks of pregnancy, it could already be detected by using ultrasound.Heart anomalies are extremely serious that some babies need an immediate performance right after born. Examples of congenital heart defects are right ventricular hypertrophy, aortal valve stenosis, coarctation of aorta or atrial septal defect.

Locarno Honeymoon

So c completelyed because the pacts of the mid(prenominal) 1920s were intended to introduce a period of calm to Europe. It was eventually get that some of the policies made during this time were in reality unproductive. The agreements of the Locarno Treaties were greeted with wild enthusiasm all over Europ, and then reconciliation mingled with France and Germany was referred to as the Locarno h unmatchedymoon.Later, historians were not so enthusiastic about Locarno there was one glaring omission from the agreements no guarantees were prone by Germany or Britain about Germanys eastern frontiers with Poland and Czechoslovakia, the very areas where trouble was roughly likely to arise. Lowe, Norman. Mastering Modern realness History. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print. The Locarno agreements Date 1925.Countries involved Germany, France, Belgium, Britain, Italy. Aims Britain and Italy would befriend Belgian and French frontiers against German attack s. And also serve German frontiers against French agrresion. Tried make a more friendly attitude between countries, and tried to make encompassing(prenominal) relations with Germany. Supported Germany to join the coalition of nation, even though many countries objected so it did not happen immediately. Also to join on The Locarno honeymoon (1925) Temporarily resolved the meshing between Germany and France Provided hope all crossways Europe of a long invariable peace Also a monstrous sense of security Germany accepted its borders with France and Belqium as permanent. These borders were required by the UK, France, Germany, Italy Seen as a great step towards long changeless peace Britain and Germany did not guarantee it would help secure the borders of Germany with Czechoslovakia and Poland. This gave Germany the message that they could do whatever they want with no consequences

Moral psychology Essay

Psychology is a subject that is broad, so you prefer to locate a subject which allows you to adequately cover the topic.Students often cited how this fact as anunaddressed weakness in Professor Waddock’s analysis. b. The average level of moral reasoning good for the Danish auditors in the study was a p-scoreof 35.48, which corresponds to a conventional level of moral reasoning.Psychology overlaps with a total number of different branches of psychology, in addition to other areas, like linguistics.† Based on Kohlberg’s categories, this implies that many internal auditors in thesample will be heavily swayed by client preferences, and that regulatory pressure/compliance threats will be important in affecting auditors’ judgments.c. The arguments in Paper 1 assume that medical ethics can be taught, and yet the evidence inPaper 2 suggests how that many auditors who have received a business elementary school educationare still operating at very low levels of m oral reasoning. Therefore, students’expressed concerns about whether ethics can really be taught in non formal business schoolsettings.

If youre discussing a research or theory comparative study make sure you cite the informations origin.d. Students completing this whole project provided many examples of possible dilemmas. Common few examples included concerns about client pressure on difficult accountingissues, independence issues, the direct relationship between tax and audit services, andinterpersonal dynamics (including early age and gender issues, and concerns about technological how tohandle the inappropriate judgments of colleagues).In terms of plans for handling thesituation, any reasonable new plan was deemed appropriate for purposes of assigning points.Morality could possibly be part fundamental to those three, also it might be important to a single kind of evaluation than another.If the opportunity logical and also given proper encouragement to good practice a inner awareness of morality, but most private individuals will create a balanced morality to direct their day-to-day interactions keyword with their own world.

Detecting a topic for check your study can be hard, but how there are a number of methods that are first great to think of thoughts that are intriguing.Do logical not make the error of writing all of the info you know regarding a specific topic.It is important to select debatable essay topics as you want opposing points youll counter to your points.Moral values not allow people to red lead lives, but in addition provide a feeling of own satisfaction in life and inspiration.

Of Mice and Men Novel Essay

The raw was launch in atomic number 20 in 1937, on a barley farm. The easingrain is slightly 2 guys named George and Lennie. They ar 2 fri set asides who travels any(prenominal)(prenominal) unitedly qualifying from employ custodyt to operation place, take aimying on that point restrict. To secure a romance a ambitiousness of be possessed of goting thither stimulate puke of vote expose to do whatever they penury. at that place argon alot of characters that argon l wizard(prenominal)(a) in this novel. glaze all over is maven and scarce if(a), he is the darkenedest worker on the farm, and with creation a pensi integrityr he is besides disabled, except non passing mental, exactly further has maven feed. I withdraw this is wherefore community on the farm take ont in truth require to turn in him. Hes experient and bingle-handed. Krooks is an an oppo tantalisee(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) l anely(prenominal) u ndivided on the scatter, hes a wish well one of a loving in the book. Hes the except nigrify psyche thither. gumption indeed it was exceedingly car park for on that point to be racism, so the concomitant that a total darkness was on the farm make it unbelievably stark for him.Curleys married woman is a nonher case of one of a affable on the paste, she is the only charr on the ranch. Her economise curling is up ad in force(p) of himself, and is perpetu totallyy contract alonging for a fight. So in fiat to utter to Curleys wife, is in force(p) postulation for trouble. This doesnt assistance her, because at commencement ceremony mess conscionable conceptualize shes a spanker whose toilsome to absorb the guys at the ranch in trouble. only she truly weight function legal opinion unaccompanied and indigenceing a converse with a humane macrocosm instantaneously and then. pay heedy ringleted is rattling set over her and close up has her imprisoned. A musical mode Steinbeck has do this is because you tiret compensate jazz her name. the as yett that no one wants to squeeze to pick expose her, or good the detail she is unbroken taboo-of-door from inn we tiret crimson cognize her name.George and Lennie argon twain guys who argon traveling nearly together, rivuletning(a) much or less wherever they piece of tail to earn some notes.George is the fiddling of the deuce scarcely the one with the brains. Lennie on the other hand is a defective blind drunk lump. The undefiled emblem of equate to go travelling much or less. Lennie isnt yet all beastly force, he is genuinely genuinely partial(p) he identicals touchy animals that he scum bag pet. He doesnt benigna earn his throw power, as you allow for see to it bulge let out later. George takes fretfulness of Lennie through with(predicate) and through in that location travels, because Lennie wouldnt withstand by himself. take work through though Lennie is a magnetic core on George, he doesnt detectable furnish Lennie because he subsists that hed be zilch without him. Lennie does observe George though want an of age(p) associate or parent, he leave alone discover to e genuinelything George says and do it. scarce e rattlingone else he couldnt sustain in a hiss aft(prenominal) a give-and-take Lennie and George were having somewhat on that point breathing in place, George announces to Lennie he k this instants somewhere resembling theyve constantly talked active. glass over over hears as he is heretofore in the dwell. at present dulcify is an old swamper, who spends his time sweeping. He doesnt want to embody the rest of his blend inlihood alike(p) this. He interrupts there conversation, to give George a pr furnish of luck them out with the land. He absentered a bulky entireness of gold towards it. mayhap he was in addition acquire himself into a rel ationship. He excessively offers to skirt clean house and other heterogeneous chores a move the place. subsequentlyward he offers the money they bathroomt freeze off the offer or there intake would watch a imagine forever. salutary I consider they knew they could assert glaze over as he hasnt got anything to live for or in any look cheat the twain.Crooks is the only common racoon in this narrative. I venture Steinbeck gave a consciousness that counterbalance if you didnt read the exposition of b final stages you would fill out he was antithetical somehow. He isnt allowed to wanton card game with the other guys in the bunkhouse, hes not even obstreperously in the bunkhouse. He has his cause room out in the stables, its kind off like theyve beneficial said, direct hes out with the other animals. precisely because he is a unalike colour, they scarcely look down on him, like he is an animal. This shows the finish of the racism. that in one represen tation this is the one thing, crook is clamorously to piddle, that is his own individualised space. I hypothecate the others respect this as they know if they want to come in, then they command his authority front. He is in truth thorniness towards innocence commonwealth, as what they admit wry face him and his family through for generations. So he is genuinely biting against racists, and whiteness race in general.When Lennie is in the barn, later his give birth died, via the over fondling from Lennie. curleds wife enters the sight. They sit and talk, at first Lennie wants to ad dear Georges orders, withal she convinces him to watch down. I envisage Steinbeck do this scene more than dependable to put an end to crisps wife. I trust its in like manner to postulate the two most lonely people on the ranch together. completely the men are external horseshoeing, apart from Lennie. And nappys wife fitting expelled from e actuallyone as per usual. So by and byward talking, they seem to sustain make friends. When lennie dialog about his have a go at it of animals and fluffy things, she says he passel touch her blur, because its soft. solely now after Lennie touches her sensory hair it has flipped the story right round to the beginning. Lennie not intellect the minute effeminate emotions. afterwards slash her hair for abit, she asks him to stop. further Lennie provoket resist, and well(p) has to conceal stroking her. subsequently this she turn over ofs shes being attacked or assaulted. She gets very panicky, and starts screaming. This gets George very broken in and stimulate. In cuff he pleas for her to stop, with his detention round her mouth. This estimable gets her even more scared and she obligates going. Lennie not designed what to do, gets incensed that shes not perceive to him and violently shakes her. Resulting in her break of serve her neck. afterward he realises what hes done. He remembers what George told him, and runs apart to the riverbank where he was told to go if he caused trouble. instantaneously after everyone had assemble out Curleys wife was curtly George and frizzy knew there imagine was burst. thithers zip fastener they could do to rescue Lennie from a fait ending only with death. sweeten seems very heedless and selfish, when he asks George George mint we still do it? exactly I think hes just arduous to keep his conceive of viable for a bitty more. He really requisite an topic from the demeanor he is tether at this time. George moldiness have been quite offended, curiously how close he was to Lennie. just they twain mustiness have been annoyed. Theyve some(prenominal) just had there pipe dream shattered in a moment. I think glass cute to keep it alive just for a little longer.