Comparing Symbolism in Poe :: essays research papers

Comparing the Symbolism of the preindications in the ruddy Death and House of Usher Most stories have occurrences of symbolism. Symbols are used everyday in many different ways. For instance, the Bald Eagle is used to symbolize the determination and grandness of our United States of America. In both the Masque of the Red Death and the Fall of the House of Usher, the symbolic nature of the House plays an imperative role. The House in the Red Death was a very elaborate and colorful establishment. Each mode inside of this enormous house is decorated in a different hue. The easternmost room is decorated in blue, with blue stained-glass windows. The next room is purple with the same color stained-glass windows, then green, then chromatic, then white, then violet. The seventh room is black, with red windows. Accompanying this last room is a giant wooden clock. Every hour on the hour the clock emits a deafening gong, which puts an immediate halt to any ongoing activities. The occurr ence that the rooms go from east to west is supposed to symbolize life on earth. The sun rises in the east, sets in the west. Our life cycle also follows that pattern. If you look at a typical twenty-four hour day, the day is born in the east and dies in the west. on with the rooms following an east to west pattern, the color schemes in the rooms also follow this pattern. The first rooms go from blue, which represents the beginning of the day, or life, to purple, green, orange and finally the white room represents noontime. Next comes violet followed by the last room, which is black with red windows symbolizing the end of the day, or the end of life. The whole design of these rooms being decorated in the first place is due to the fact that Prince Prospero has decided to throw a ball for all the rich quite a little in the nearby village, which is being plagued by a fatal disease known as the Red Death. All the rich folk run off to the mansion in hopes of eluding the Red Death. In the meantime at the ball, everyone is having a great time. It seems as though they are almost disregarding the fact that there is a plague going on. They almost have the mentality that as long as they hide out in the mansion, they will be immune to the Red Death.

The Path to the Chromosome Theory of Heredity :: History Science Biology Essays

The Path to the Chromosome Theory of Heredity The notion of the chromosome conjecture of heredity is actually important to the understanding of evolution and genetics. There were many ideas, some correct and others not, which influenced the revolutionary discovery of chromosomal heredity. The main st unitys in the path to the chromosomal theory are the pangenesis hypothesis, the germ-plasm theory, and Mendels Laws.PangenesisLamarck expressed the idea that by simply using or not using certain organs they may be essential or atrophied and their offspring can then inherit these acquired characteristics. (Milner p. 375, 1993) It should be noted that this theory was not widely accepted largely due to the fact that the French word that Lamarck used in the sense of must was translated as wants to, which makes it sound as though the organism decides to change its body. Furthermore, Lamarck provided no mechanism by which this could take place. (www.ridgenet.net/do_while/sage/v1i8f.htm ) Darwin was the one to give a mechanism for Lamarcks idea. This mechanism is known as pangenesis.Darwins ideas of evolution were well founded in the offset printing however, as his theory progressed he reverted to Lamarckian thought to explain his observations. To begin his theory he started with the observations that there is variation in offspring. He wrote, no one supposes that all the individuals of the same species inhabiting the same confined locality, are cast of the same moldI am convinced that the most experienced naturalist would be surprised at the number of the cases of variabilityas I have collected (Chapter 2 of Origin of Species). He sees that there is a struggle for foundation saying, as more individuals are produced than can possibly survive, there must in every case be a struggle for existence (Chapter 3 of Origin of Species). Finally, Darwin recognized that there is a survival of the fittest in that the organisms with the best variations for the continuan ce of the species live and those with variations that are not as useful to the continuation of the species hold out (Chapter 4 of Origin of Species). Darwin begins to diverge into Lamarckian thought at this point. Darwin wrote that, slightly different changes in the conditions of life add to the vigor and fertility of all perfect beingsthe crossing of forms which have been exposed to slightly different conditions of life or which have varied, favours the size, vigor, and fertility of their offspring (Chapter 9 of Origin of Species).

Hurricane Andrew Essay -- essays research papers

Hurricanes are notoriously capricious. Andrew was a compact system. A little largersystem, or one making landfall just a few naval miles further to the north, would havebeen catastrophic for heavily populated, highly commercialized and no less vulnerableareas to the north. That area includes downtown Miami, Miami Beach, Key Biscayne andFort Lauderdale. Andrew also remaining the highly vulnerable New Orleans region relativelyunscathed.Andrew moved nearly due westward when over land and crossed the extreme southern portion of the Florida peninsula in about four hours. Although the hurricaneweakened about one category on the during the transit over land, and the pressure rose toabout 950 mb, Andrew was remedy a major hurricane when its eyewall passed over theextreme southwestern Florida coast. The first of two cycles of modest intensificationcommenced when the eye reached the Gulf of Mexico. Also, the hurricane continued tomove at a relatively fast pace while its track gradually tu rned toward the west-northwest.When Andrew reached the north-central Gulf of Mexico, the high pressure system to itsnortheast weakened and a surd mid-latitude trough approached the area from thenorthwest. Steering currents began to change. Andrew turned toward the northwest andits forward speed decreased to about 8 kt. The hurricane struck a sparsely populated persona of the south-central Louisiana on the 26th. The landfall location is about 20 n miwest-so...

A Prayer for Owen Meany Essay -- Literary Analysis, John Irving

A Prayer for Owen meany by John Irving through a Jungian Archetypal LensCarl Jung was a Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist who developed many theories concerning the unconscious mind. Jungs theories state that the unconscious part of a humans psyche has two different layers, the personal unconscious and the bodied unconscious. The personal unconscious is unique to every individual however, the collective unconscious is inborn. (Carl Jung, Four Archetypes, 3) The collective unconscious is present in every whizzs psyche, and it contains archetypes which are those psychic contents which hold in not yet been submitted to conscious elaboration (Jung, Archetypes, 5) they are templates of thought that have been inherited through the collective unconscious. Jung has defined many different archetypes such as the archetype of the mother, the archetype of the hero, the archetype of the shadow, etc. These Jungian archetypes are often projected by the collective unconscious onto others. If t he novel A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving is examined through a Jungian prototypical electron lens it is possible to discern different archetypes projected by the protagonists unconscious self to illustrate the effects of the collective unconscious on lawsuit and plot analysis.Tabitha Wheelwright embodies the archetype of the mother. Which shows us how with reflection, John sees her with a divine quality he mythologizes her. Jungs theory states thatParents are early major carriers of projection, and children unconsciously project omnipotence and omniscience onto them. These are what Jung called archetypal projections. The parents become gods, invested with powers that people have attributed to the divine. Daddy can do anything Hes the str... ...f it is not accepted first. Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving is one of the many novels that can be analysed through a Jungian archetypal lens to show how the unconscious projection of archetypal images affects how a person views others peoples actions and their behaviours. In this novel the narrator John Wheelwright projects different archetypes onto different people dependant on their role in his life. This shows us how the novel A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving is not objective because as a reader, you see all events and characters though Johns eyes. Everything that you read is tainted by the archetypal images Johns unconscious self which are being projected onto different characters and situations. This leads the reader to the question of how does one know that the story of Owen Meany is true, and that all the characters are portrayed truthfully.

Life as a White Man in The Autobiography of An Ex-Colored Man :: Biography Biographies Essays

Life as a White human in The Autobiography of An Ex-Colored Man...the effect is a tendency toward lighter complexions, especially among the more active elements in the race. Some might claim that this is a tacit admission of swarthy people among themselves of their own inferiority judged by the color line. I do not think so. What I have termed an inconsistency is, after all, most inherent it is, in fact, a tendency in accordance with what might be called an economic necessity. So far as racial differences go, the United States puts a greater premium on color, or better, lack of color, than upon anything else in the world. --the protagonist (page 72)James Weldon Johnsons first-person narrator in his fictional account, The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, forwards a cynical, if not Darwinian, point-of-view active skin color. He claims it is most natural for dark-skinned people to procreate with those who are lighter skinned. And he coolly excuses this supposedly common practice as pure economic necessity. The Black Nationalist must protest this fatalism. The Marxist simply chalks another one up for his side. What about the humanist? What is he or she to make of such unreasonable and callous tactics used to pursue the American Dream? The sympathetic humanist might bristle at first, simply would eventually concur. For its hard to argue with poverty. At the time the novel was published (1912), America held very few opportunities for the Negro population. Some of the more successful black men, men with money and street savvy, were often porters for the railroads. In other words the best a young black man might hope for was a position serving whites on trains. Our protagonist--while not adverse to hard work, as evidenced by his cigar rolling apprenticeship in Jacksonville--is an artist and a scholar. His ambitions are bulky considering the situation. And thanks to his fair skinned complexion, he is able to realize many, if not all, of them. There is some evi dence that connects our protagonists line of thinking with his upbringing. Our protagonists mother tells him, The best declivity of the South is in you, (page 8) when the child asks whom his father is. Clearly, his mother was proud of (and perhaps still in love with) this genteel white man who gave her a son. So his bold pronouncements make much sense in light of his own condition.

START Programs Defined :: essays research papers

The Impact That the START Treaties Have On Public Safety Have you ever idea about a nuclear bomb hitting Wichita? What could we do to prevent this from happening? There have been several attempts to rid the world of nuclear threat. none of these attempts has actually prevailed to the lofty goal of unilaterally removing the threat of nuclear war. Seemingly, the unilateral limitation of nuclear arsenals would be a good idea. To begin, I need to intend terms in laymans to reveal the total meaning of this topic. Each delivery system has a different range. Inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) have the farthest range of 13,000 kilometers, whereas, submarine launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) thunder mug only reach as far as 12,000 kilometers (Friedman). Unilateral action means that each separate human face pull up stakes act identically. If Russia disassembles 100 ICBMs then the United States has to disassemble 100 ICBMs to create equality. The blo c of treaties designed to assure the unilateral reduction of nuclear mail is the strategic arms reduction treaty (START). The START treaties have three sections each designed to reduce the number of specific nuclear weapons. I will discuss each version of START in order to show what influence it will have on global safety. START I restrain the groundwork to begin the gradual decline of nuclear weapons for the United States and the Soviet Union. Each party had approximately 10,000 nuclear weapons of various ranges (Friedman). Under START I the number of total nuclear weapons deployed will unilaterally be reduced to a total not to exceed 6,000 warheads (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace). Which is a mensuration in the right direction. Both the United States and Russia signed the START I treaty on July 31, 1991 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace). Although the Soviet Union dissolved more or less this time, the four countries that remained ratified the treaty. STAR T I entered into force on December 5, 1994, when the five treaty parties exchanged instruments of ratification in Budapest (Kimball).START II continued to reduce the number of deployed nuclear warheads to a total to 4,250 per party (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace). This second treaty further limited the number of ICBMs and SLBMs that can be deployed with nuclear warheads. START II was signed on January 3, 1993 in Moscow (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace).

START Programs Defined :: essays research papers

The Impact That the scrawl Treaties Have On Public Safety Have you ever thought about a thermonuclear bomb calorimeter hitting Wichita? What could we do to prevent this from happening? There have been several attempts to rid the world of nuclear threat. None of these attempts has actually prevailed to the lofty goal of one-sidedly removing the threat of nuclear war. Seemingly, the unilateral limitation of nuclear arsenals would be a good idea. To begin, I need to define terms in laymans to reveal the total meaning of this topic. Each delivery system has a different range. Inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) have the farthest range of 13,000 kilometers, whereas, submarine launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) tin can only reach as far as 12,000 kilometers (Friedman). Unilateral action means that each separate side go out act identically. If Russia disassembles 100 ICBMs consequently the unite States has to disassemble 100 ICBMs to create equali ty. The bloc of treaties designed to assure the unilateral reduction of nuclear arms is the strategic arms reduction accordance (START). The START treaties have three sections each designed to reduce the number of specific nuclear weapons. I will discuss each version of START in order to show what influence it will have on global safety. START I set the groundwork to begin the gradual right of nuclear weapons for the United States and the Soviet Union. Each party had approximately 10,000 nuclear weapons of various ranges (Friedman). Under START I the number of total nuclear weapons deployed will unilaterally be reduced to a total not to exceed 6,000 warheads (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace). Which is a step in the right direction. Both the United States and Russia signed the START I treaty on July 31, 1991 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace). Although the Soviet Union dissolved around this time, the four countries that remained ratified the treaty. START I ent ered into force on December 5, 1994, when the five treaty parties exchanged instruments of ratification in Budapest (Kimball).START II continued to reduce the number of deployed nuclear warheads to a total to 4,250 per party (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace). This second treaty further limited the number of ICBMs and SLBMs that can be deployed with nuclear warheads. START II was signed on January 3, 1993 in Moscow (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace).

Fathers and Daughters Relationships in Shakespeare’s Literature Essay

The renders and elfin girls affinitys in Shakespe ar drama and literature restrain attracted a great deal of critical attentions specifically in the influence of feminist criticism. There is an app bent shifting affection towards aims and daughters when the latter struggle to negotiate a passage into adulthood and wedding with their military chaplains blessings, and when the causes struggle to surrender or relinquish their young daughters to other mentheir future husbands.Most of the time the fathers, who often belongs to royalty or upper class, rejects the men that their daughters choose because of their lower standing. Apparently, some fathers judge the appropriateness of the men through their properties, strength and social positions. Also Shakespeare incorporates fathers from the middle sustenance who are also reluctant to release their daughters at the thresh grey-headed of adult commitment in marriage. The conflicts, fears, and insecurities, as each faces a crucial c hallenge of adulthood, cast impudently light on questions of moral development, male and female sex roles, and traditional and progressive social norms.In earlier marriage, the father is the ane who mostly keep in line his daughters finding making and thus making a womans sense of free allow powerless. Meanwhile, some appraisals in fathers and daughters relationship in Shakespeares literature are typically more sympathetic to the fathers. Some daughters manifest tyrannical possessiveness taking advantage to her social standing and the tautologic parental affection of her father. Some are being manipulated by the daughters exemplary conduct such as capriciousness, coldness and disloyalty.While some rebels against fathers possessiveness towards them as a discern corrupted by the power a patriarchal society confers on him. Juliet and her father Old Capu permit in the story of Romeo and Juliet, Desdemona and her father Branbantio in the story of Othello, Portias submissiveness to her fathers standard in The Merchant in Venice, though she knows it is quite wrong, all consciously or unconsciously moves to the whims of patriarchy. Meanwhile the character of Cordelia, the youngest daughter of King Lear, refused to go over board in her statement of love towards her father, and Jessica shows her disobedience and rebellious nature towards her father moneylender in The Merchant of Venice.Apparently, there are two facets of fathers and daughters relationships in Shakespeare literature first, some of his literature shows daughters submissiveness towards the standards of patriarchy as the daughters allow their fathers to dominate their lives to the extent that they are helpless to change their fate, and second, some daughters boldly oppose their fathers standards through escape and rebellion. These two facets creates such ambiguity as to whether Shakespeare is a pro feminist as he presents sexist oppression or did Shakespeare somehow remains within the tradition of pa triarchy?Most of the tensions and conflicts between the fathers and daughters revolve around the impending marriages of the daughters. In various Shakespearean plays, the father is often the one who chooses his daughters husband, which normally goes against the daughters will. The daughters in some Shakespearean literature chance on the emotional strings that tie them to childhood, defying paternal self-confidence to assert emotional independence (Dreher 5).One good example that shows defiance in paternal authority is when Juliet proceeds to join Romeo event though Capulet, her father, strongly disagrees since Romeo is a Montague, the familys rival clan. This action from Juliet creates conflict between her and her father which eventually leads to added drama throughout the play. Capulet is forced to disown his own daughter because of her act of disobedienceHang thee, young baggage, disobedient wretch/ I tell thee what get thee to church o Thursday/ Or never after look me in the f ace/ Speak not, reply not, do not answer me/ My fingers itch.Wife, we scarce thought us blest/ That God had lent us unless this only when child/ But now I see this one is one too much,/ And that we have a curse in having her/ Out on her, hilding. (Shakespeare 207).Capulet feels like he is not being just rejected as a father plainly her patriarchal role has been rejected as well. As for Juliet, her opposition towards her father especially in terms of love illustrates her need for emotional freedom and desires for bread and butter transition that will give her opportunities for personal growth.But Juliet apparently holds her fathers opinion in high regard and respect because after receiving her fathers judgment, she says Good father, I beseech you on my knees,/ Hear me with patience but to speak a word (Shakespeare 207). She apparently does feel badly for unsatisfying her father. Therefore, some Shakespeares female characters think very highly of their fathers opinions as part of their tradition, but proceed to do what they feel is in their own best interests and advantage.Though Juliet disobey her father after falling in love with Romeo but her love for the man develops her sense of independence and maturity date since Juliet in the initial part of the play plays the role of an innocent child who comes at her parents command immediately and who perceives marriage an honour that I dream not of (Shakespeare 48).Similarly, Juliet and Lord Capulet have a strong relationship in the beginning of the play wherein the latter treats her daughter with so much love and compassion but not until he wishes her to marry Paris in Scene 5 of Act III. When Juliet disobeys, he put his judgment against her daughter with rage. But when Juliet returns apologetically to her father, and agrees to marry Paris, he once again returns to being the loving and caring father the readers initially identified.This also shows that Juliet, though has an independent mind, is still attached t o the belief that she has a responsibility as a daughter to obey her father. Basically, the play Romeo and Juliet shows how the limitations set forth by the father in a patriarchal society tolerate affect a daughters life while she lives under his roof.The patriarchal or authoritarian demands made by Juliets father, Juliets marrying Paris, in combination to Juliets secret marriage to Romeo, her fathers most hated enemy, greatly contributed to Juliets suicide and tragedy. Although Capulet is genuinely distraught over his daughters suicide at the end, leading us to turn over that his love for her was greater than his dictatorial display of affection for her throughout the play, he is nevertheless one of the chief culprits for her demise.Desdemona and Brabantios relationship has one of the most unique father and daughter relationship in all Shakespeareans plays. The penetrative conflict between the two starts when Desdemona fallen in love with a man of a different race, culture and color. She marries Othello even though she knows that her father will greatly oppose on it. She conceals her intentions and weds without her fathers consent which as a result, she loses her fathers affection.Brabantio is a Venetian Senator with definite ideas on the outcome and behaviour of his daughter. He, as much as possible, wants her daughter to choose a husband who he feels is of her caliber, someone that will fit her complex psychological traits and as well as someone who will raise their familys esteem in Venetian society.But Desdemona acts contrary to what is expected of her. She instead marries a berth and not a Venetian man and an army general who does not have a lot of money but only prestige. Furthermore, Othello is also old nearly like her fathers age since the two are friends. Brabantio apparently wants her son in law to have a long life expectancy to inherit the familys wealth and so that Desdemona would not be widowed or have to return to her fathers dependence.Me anwhile, Desdemonas father doesnt also understand Desdemonas judgment in marrying Othello since her actions are so out of keeping with his sense of her character. He apparently believes that Desdemonas decision to marry Othello is so incongruous with both the social norms and Desdemonas usual self. Thus Brabantio then believes that she must have been bewitched since he couldnt believe that his actions are all voluntary,For Ill refer me to all occasions of sense,/ If she in chains of magic were not bound,/ Whether a maid so tender, fair and happy,/ So foeman to marriage that she shunnd/ The wealthy curled darlings of our nations,/ Would ever have (t incur a general mock)/ Run from her guardage to the sooty bosom/ Of such a thing as thouto fear, not to delight (Shakespeare Othello 10).Though Othello says that Desdemona was captivated by his tales of adventure and suffering not bewitched, My story being done/ She gave me for my pains a world of sighs/ She swore, in faith, twas stran ge, twas passing strange/ Twas pitiful, twas wondrous pitiful (Shakespeare Othello 16). But nonetheless, whatever the intentions behind Desdemonas decision, her actions illustrates disobedience to social norms and ultimately to her fathers expectations.In the Merchant of Venice, two separate father-daughter relationships play an integral role in the central narrative of the play. The play illustrates the strained relationship of Venetian and Jewish money lender Shylock and his daughter Jessica and the non existent association on Portias relationship with her deceased father.Shylock, devastated with the death of his wife Leah many eld earlier, kept his house and environment with great mourning out of her respect for her. The continuous dedication or even obsession of Jessicas father to her bring created distance between Shylock and his daughter Jessica, who can never completely understand the great love her parents shared. Jessicas father is strictly puritanical too, wherein he kee ps Jessica locks up in their small world isolating her from the outside.Moreover, Shylock also shows little love and affection towards his daughter that perhaps motivated the latter to be rebellious and disloyal. She meets secretly with Lorenzo who is a Christian. When the two fled together, Shylock becomes even more upset discovering that his valuables disappeared with them,My daughter O my ducats O my daughter / Fled with a Christian O my Christian ducats / Justice The law My ducats and my daughter / A sealed bag, two sealed bags of ducats, / Of double ducats, stoln from me by my daughter / And jewelstwo stones, two risque and precious stones, / Stoln by my daughter Justice Find the girl / She hath the stones with her, and the ducats (Shakespeare The Merchant of Venice 40).Jessica is not a good daughter at all since she let her rage against her father to dominate her actions and decisions. Likewise, Shylock is not a good father since he gives more importance to tradition, mourni ng and wealth giving little attention to his daughter. Portias father on the other hand is just as controlling as Jessicas father however, Portia approach her fathers wishes with submissiveness. Though Portia is one of the strongest female characters in all Shakespeareans plays, she respects her fathers wishes.King Lear, who is old enough to retire from power, decides to carve up his royalty amongst his three beautiful daughters. He offers the largest share to the one who loves him best.Goneril and Regan, who significantly give importance to position and royalty, proclaim passionately and with all hypocrisy that they love their father more than anyone and any material thing in this world. Their statements completely please the King. However, Cordelia, the Kings youngest daughter, refuses to flatter him exaggeratedly, displaying a mild and forbearing temperament. Cordelias honest assertion annoys and offends the King.Easily persuaded by the hollowness of his two daughters pretension s due to his blindness and wrong judgment of character, King Lear then decides to disinherit Cordelia and divides the kingdom only between the two. The subtle conflict of the Cordelia and King Lear starts on this. King Lear is basically hurt with what he perceived as an insult. He is expecting a flattering proof for him by his daughter but the latters genuine statement insulted him.

Language Manipulators Essay

UNMIK regulations clearly state that side is the official language, and any translations to Albanian, Serbian or otherwise be do as a courtesy. This means that all official correspondence including contracts, their exhibits and nonifications moldiness be accomplished in slope, otherwise they ar not valid. The following is a typical example drawn from a contract between UNMIK and a local Kosovar company. Article VIII Miscellaneous Provisions, section DD. position Language, states This Contract is compose in the slope language and executed in 4 counterparts plus 4 drafts in Albanian language and 4 drafts in Serbian language.It shall be construed and interpreted in the English-language version, which shall govern. Any translation into another language is provided as a matter of courtesy. The ignoring of Kosovas majority of 90% ethnic Albanians, and the imposition of English as the legal language in Kosova has created extreme difficulties, hardships and has placed Albanian Koso vars at a significant disadvantage and vulnerability, which UNMIK organizations and others have capitalized on, to the detriment of Kosovar argumentationes and organizations.In the unify States, following the end of the civil war, individuals that came to the S awayh and took advantage of the war-torn situation and people came to be known as Carpet Baggers beca engross of the luggage they carried. As we are in a similar position, perhaps we should recognize the effective negative manipulation of Kosovars by UNMIK and Internationals by referring to them as Language Manipulators. The Power given to the English language requirement by UNMIK is existence misused mundane, and it enters into all forms of community action, business and our regimen.Just imagine if UNMIK and KFOR had to carry out it duties, and daily living use a language that the great majority of people cannot speak or write, and their actions were legally determined and evaluated by this foreign language. It is cle arly understandable to utilize the English language within the operations of the International community, the United Nations (UN), as this has been so for quite some time.However, since UN has set precedence by creating UNMIK as the first government of a region following a war, it is unrealistic to move to impose a foreign language on the operations of Kosovas people. UNMIK, according to UN legislation 1244 (1999) is supposed to be aiding the establishment of .. provisional democratic self-governing institutions to ensure conditions for a peaceful and normal life for all inhabitants of Kosovo, and it is ludicrous to state this stick while insisting on the legal use of the English language.In an effort to correct the daily injustice and outright manipulation of the Kosovar people, the following tonic action needs to be implemented immediately. (1) That UNMIK, through regulations and law, recognize the Albanian Language as the Official Language of Kosova, in any and all communica tion theory and contractual negotiations and legal actions and that the Serbian Language be also recognized as a valid language when ethnic Serbs are involved in contractual and other legal ventures with UNMIK and/or others operating fully within the borders and governing process of Kosova.OR (2) That UNMIK establish an independent organization of qualified English & Albanian speaking attorneys, one or more of which would be appointed, at the expense of UNMIK, and not drawn from the Kosova Bud expire, to each and every Albanian organization or corporation that must enter into contractual arrangements with UNMIK. This is necessary so long as UNMIK insists that the non-native language of English is the Legal Language over the native Albanian language of Kosova.Furthermore, no contract or agreement entered into with UNMIK shall be deemed valid in any manner if this assistance is not provided during negotiations and through the final write of the contract or agreement. A Double Edged S word Well, what do you think about the presentation so far? Does the imposition of English being the official language of Kosova make you angry, or sympathetic to the problems of the Albanian businessman, or Government Officials?Do you see Unfairness in it all? Are you cut into with the Language Manipulators for taking advantage of ethnic Albanians? And which solution would be preferable to you (1) where Albanian becomes the official language immediately, or (2) where there is an independent English oratory expect organization? If you feel that number (1) is the best option at this time, then I ask that you carefully reconsider your position as we continue the discussion.There is another side to the ingenuity of the Language Manipulators, and that is their passive support of the ethnic Albanians continued use of the Albanian Language in all aspects of their private and public life. The Language Manipulators are very pleased that there is no English news on TV or radio, and not on e of the local papers has any English articles and we can only find job announcements for NGOs in English. And they are especially pleased that demonstrations and protests boycott the use of English, and are done in the Albanian Language.We see that, because UNMIK forces the English Language in official matters, many Albanians rebel and fight against using English, keeping it out of their newspapers, TV and radio. Just think for a moment. On the one hand they are imposing English as the official legal language in Kosova, creating problems and taking advantage of Albanian businessmen, but on the other hand they are pleased that no English is being used in Kosovar daily life, and they encourage pride in the Albanian Language.Do you see the beauty in this strategy yet? The simple fact is that those who dont support the Independence of Kosova want ethnic Albanians to keep speaking and writing in Albanian, and to ignore the use of the English Language English is the language of world bus iness and western politics, and if Albanians begin using English effectively, the truth about Kosova could be heard by the English Speaking world, such as the United States of America.And we perspective the American Carpet Baggers were quick and nasty in their dealing with people in the South following the civil war. Language Manipulators are very clever in their large-scale use of an age-old manipulation. If you dont want someone to have or do some social function, then tell him or her they must have it or use it. We all tend to rebel against anything that is forced on us, and if we are not careful, we will be manipulated out of the very thing we want or need.And in this case, the forcing of the English Language on the Albanian people in Kosova is blinding them to the fact that this is the very thing they need if they are to survive and gain their full Independence. In this modern world, and in the current circumstances that Kosova finds itself in, the proficient use of the Engli sh language is the only way to get the truth beyond the borders of Kosova, to gain allies and support, and to develop the skills necessary to succeed in business and politics.

Emirates Airline: Penetrating the North American Market

Emirates Airline is known for going against conventional thinking when running its business. Thus far, this strategy has been profitable for the company. In November 2001, the airline announced that it would begin a 13 ? non-stop flight from Dubai to New York starting in June of 2003. However a postponement in the delivery of the Airbus A380-800 aircraft that would attend to the new route has caused a delay. This will be Emirates attempt at penetrating the North American market. In the current governmentally charged mood there is debate as to whether or non it will be profitable to expand service to this new route from Dubai to New York.Tensions between majuscule and the Arab world create restraints as to when Emirates will be able to expand service. However, the main question currently facing Emirates is whether it should expand to New York at this allude in time. Unlike many other airlines, Emirates sees no threat surrounding the tensions in the Middle East. The climate has be en this politically charged for the past ten years. In fact, during the first Gulf War in 1991, Emirates Airlines was the only airline that did not cancel any of its flights. They go on flying to Kuwait when a majority of its competitors stopped.Emirates continued business as usual and picked up additional business from those airlines that downsized and stopped flights in the region. This strategy exemplifies how Emirates has gone against conventional thinking and come out ahead. land Risk Analysis Middle East Region Overview The Middle Eastern region is characterized by economies that be over-dependent on oil however, they differ on size, wealth, and political agendas. A few of the key players in this region include Iran, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. Of these countries, the United Arab Emirates is quite comparable in many aspects to its neighbors.The UAE and Qatar are not expected to suffer from as much government instability in the threat of war as the o ther countries. Iran and Iraq, however, have had their share of political unrest, which has drastically affected their oil exports and prices. To counterattack these effects, Iraq has put pressure on the other OPEC countries to increase oil prices and decrease oil exports to the US and Great Britain. As a result, the gross domestic product of all Middle Eastern countries will decrease due to the heavy reliance of oil tax incomes in exports and as a percentage of GDP. part oil is what makes these countries wealthy, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar enjoy higher GDP per capita over Iraq because of their political situations. Dictatorial governments in Iraq allocate funds to programs that will not necessarily helper the country in the long-run. Literacy rates of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, and the UAE have increased steadily over the past decade. This is mostly owed to government beliefs that educated citizens will 3 increase the status of the country in all aspects. All five countrie s export to and import from similar countries including Japan, Italy, China and the US.The main export for these countries is oil and the main imports are machinery and equipment, chemicals and food. United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is located in the Middle East between Oman and Saudi Arabia, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. The country is slightly smaller than the state of Maine, which makes it a very small country within the Middle East region. The cosmos of the UAE is approximately 3,480,000 people. The literacy rate for the UAE is 79. 2% for the total population above 15 years.When reason by sex, men and women have comparable literacy rates, a rarity in the Middle East region. The population is predominantly Muslim (96%), with the remaining 4% of the population consists of Christians, Hindus and others. Although Arabic is the official language of the country, Persian, English, Hindi and Urdu are also spoken. The UAE is a federation state form ed on December 2, 1971 and is composed of seven emirates. The emirates include in the UAE are Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Ras AlKhaimah, and Umm Al-Qaiwain.Prior to the formation of the federation state, the UAE existed as the Trucial States that belonged to the British for the previous 150 years. The Rulers and the British signed a Perpetual accordance of Maritime Truce in the 1850s that guarantees peace and protection from external threats. In exchange, the British had direct involvement in its distant affairs and external defenses. When the British intended to withdraw from the Gulf in 1968, the rulers of the seven emirates came together and formed the federation state with hopes to increase their role in global politics.Economic surroundings United Arab Emirates economy is heavily dependent on oil production. Abu Dhabi is the largest producer, followed by Dubai, and to a much lesser extent, the remaining emirates. Although oils contribution to GDP has been dec lining in the past few years, government revenue and the non-oil economy continue to be heavily reliant. GDP for the year ending 2001 was 67. 6(US$bn) and 21,000(US$bn) per capita, and 70% of government revenue resulted from oil production. Fluctuations in oil prices impact the growth and volatility of the UAEs economy.The UAE is a member of the WTO, but has been slow to comply with its requirements for liberalizing trade and competition. The banking orbit is unkindly to foreign investment and other ventures must be 51% owned by a local partner. The exceptions to these rules are in lay off zones, where 100% foreign ownership is permitted. The limitations on foreign direct investment deter the process of economic diversification. Abu Dhabi is the most resistant to opening its economy, but it has pursued private sector involvement to improve infrastructure regarding water and power.Dubai has chosen to focus its efforts on expanding its services sector by creating Dubai Internet Cit y (DIC) and Dubai Media City (DMC), which are free zones where investors can retain 100% ownership. Dubai also allows foreign investors to own property and purchase shares in UAE listed companies. The UAE typically runs a budget deficit, and the 2002 budget projects one of Dh2. 17bn. national spending is expected to increase by 2. 2%, and revenue is expected to grow by 3%. Abu Dhabi, Dubai and the UAE Central Bank are the main contributors to the federal official budget.

Cause and Effect Technology

11/10/11 Cause and effect Todays engineering has good and bad effects but distraction is, in my opinion the major result. Todays technology has its good effects and bad effects on society. exactly distraction is a really bad effect on society. Yes, technology is good, better communication between people and major advancements. But little things such as cellphones, gps and much atomic number 18 major distractions on an everyday life. These distractions could happen while youre in tutor, at your job and blush when you atomic number 18 driving. In school, in my high school experience at least 99% of the students have cellphones.I al offices saw them text-messaging non-stop without paying a bit of attention to the kin that was going on. Most of the time I was one of them, and I regret it because most of the time I didnt pay attention to what the teacher was saying. Cellphones are not the only distraction computers are as well. I used to see a lot of students fight for a computer a t school just so they could go on their favorite social net acidifying site, all these distractions due to technology. Technology is also a huge distraction in the work place.I havent had a lot of experiences in a workplace environment but Ive seen a lot of misfortunes just because of a cellphone. My takeoff booster recently got fired from his job because he couldnt leave his phone a lone, his boss was right you either do the job or celebrate texting outside of the workplace. Last but not least, distractions while you are driving. This is the most common one and the most dangerous one. A lot of people issue texting while on the road they rather answer a text message rather than worrying about their own life or even worse, other human beings life. Not only cellphones influence people while driving, GPS as well.People start laying with their GPS while driving without noticing what is in front of them, Ive seen a couple of accidents that happened because of someone using a GPS. Also music and music players distract you a lot, this has happened to me a couple of times. People get so into songs that they start daydreaming and dont realize they are indeed driving. Is really dangerous specially when someone has their earphones in while driving because they are locked to the music. Technology affects everyone, not only teenagers or young adults. Technology is a huge distraction and could be dangerous to society in a way or another.

Formation of a Company Under Companies Act, 1956 Essay

A keep comp any(prenominal) is an association of both individual and natural persond incorporated under the quick uprightness of a country. in ters of the companies exercise,1956 it is defined as a company means a company formed and registered under this act or any existing Companysec 3(1). procedure for formationahy seven or more persons or where the company to be formed is a private company,any two or more persons associated for any lawful purpose may by subscribing their names to a memorandum of association and otherwise complying with the requirements of the companies act,1956 in respect of registration,form an incorporated companywith or without limited liability.(sec12) The following ingredients are required for the formation of a company 1.promoters of the company2.lawful objective for which they associate themselves. 3.promoters moldiness subscribe their names to the memorandum of the company 4.promoters must comply with the requirements of the companies act,1956in respec t of registration which is as follows a.declaration of compliance in Form1as prescribed in Companies(central Governments)general Rules and Forms1956 executed by any one of the following persons advocte of a high court or a supreme court,attorney or a pleader entitled to sppear before a high court,a company secretary or a chartered ccountant in whole time practice. b.a stamped and signed copy of memorandum and articles of association. c.notice of situation of registered office in form18d.formno.32containing particulars of a person th act as managing/wholetime director of the company. e.particulars in favour of one of the subscribers to the memorandum duly executed on a non judicial stamp paper of the requisite value. f. any agreement which the company proposes to enter into with any person g.original true copy of the Registrar of Companies letter intimating about the availability of name. 5.minimum paid up capital must be one lakh rupees for a private company and rupees five lakh for a public limited company. A private ltd company send word immediately commence its dividing line after a Certificate of registration is issued by the Registrat after due verification of the documents and on payment of the prescribed tilt as specified in ScheduleX., apublic company having a share capital can commence its operations after getting the Certificate of Commencement of business from the registrar.

Neolithic Vs Paleolithic

Life assortmentd dramatically mingled with the palaeolithic and neolithic cadences. paleolithic is the early kind of the s agency Age, lasting about 2. 5 million years, when primitive gem implements were utilize. The palaeolithic bound was in desire gentlemans gentlemanner called the senile Stone Age. neolithic is the later transgress of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed. The neolithic Period was also called the New Stone Age. The neolithic Revolution was the worlds first traditionally, provable transmutation in agriculture.It involved the wide-scale change of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to agriculture as well as settlement, which supported larger population. Important events signifi heaptly changed the way of life amongst palaeolithic and neolithic beats. Although life changed dramatically between these two times at that place are belt up both(prenominal) similarities and leavings amongst them. Paleolithic and neolithic times contain a pass out of things in common. Both of these times were dependent on natural resources. In Paleolithic times they moved with food supply.In Neolithic times they apply motif water and good soil for crops. Paleolithic and Neolithic both had a government. In Paleolithic times the males ruled the families. In Neolithic times on that point was a Chief with council. Both of Paleolithic and Neolithic times had a religion. They had religions, which meant they see in life after death. Socially in both time periods men hunted and farmed and women ga on that pointd. Neolithic and Paleolithic periods had technology. For Paleolithic they used stone tools, and in Neolithic they had farming, baking and firing pottery, specialized tools, and dye tools and weapons.Both Paleolithic and Neolithic evolved. As found in Document 2 during Paleolithic times the Ice Age squeeze man to move and change. man was forced to depend less on plants and carnals. In Neolithic they farmed allowing them to settle in one place, which gave them time to develop settlements and new trades. Also both of these periods had accomplishments. In the Paleolithic Age they developed language, controlled fire and made and used tools. In the Neolithic Age they accomplished making the wheel, and farming.Although there are many similarities between Paleolithic and Neolithic times there are still several difference between them as well. One difference is that Paleolithic is the Old Stone Age and Neolithic the new Stone Age. Another difference that is found in Document 1, was that Paleolithic tools were used for hunting they were heavy and basic whereas, Neolithic tools were used for clearing land and farming they where sharper, lighter, more variety, and polished. The main difference between these tool kits is the purpose they were used for.Paleolithic man was a nomad, food gatherer, and a hunter. Neolithic men settled as found in Document 3. The mi ckle were agriculturist, who domesticate puppets, and grew a variety of crops. The houses of Paleolithic man were skin tents or caves. The houses of Neolithic man were made of mud, wood and thatch. The Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages also behave differences in the form of artwork. As found in the Document 4 the Paleolithic Age they had cave paintings showing the hunting of a larger animal and the danger of hunting. As found in Document 5 the Neolithic Age they domesticated plants and animals.In the Paleolithic Era, plants were used for medicines and food. Animals were used for hunting. However, in the Neolithic Era, plants were used for food in the New Stone Age, however, the difference was that plants were grown on farms. Animals were used for domestication as well as other purposes. Document 5 also displays another difference between the Paleolithic Era and Neolithic Era. Their artworks are very different from one another. In the Paleolithic Era they had paintings of cows, and th ey had miniscule portable art. Their art is also represented by cave border drawings.In the Neolithic Era they had megaliths and 3-D art. They were represented by structures and sculptures. These different artworks show change between Paleolithic and Neolithic times. The Neolithic Era was more modern because based on their artwork it seemed they were harder to build, more complex and took more time. The diets of these two periods were also different. The Paleolithic man consisted of meat, fruits, berries and wild grain. Neolithic man had dairy products like milk, cheese, meat and grains like wheat, barley and rice.The clothing for Paleolithic man was made of animal skins and leaves, while Neolithic man made clothes of cotton wool. In the Paleolithic age there was no specialized occupation. As found in Document 3, in Neolithic age there was division of labor, and some specialization occupations so that that there was more variation of crafts like carpentry, weaving and pottery. In Document 6 it shows that the Neolithic architecture was different then Paleolithic architecture because the Neolithic architecture had settlements and villages while the Paleolithic architecture did not.Finally due to the initiation of agriculture, farming and the wheel in the New Stone Age there where many revolutionary changes and progress that came upon mans life, which was nonexistent in the Old Stone Age. In both Paleolithic and Neolithic times there were many events that helped change their way of life. If it werent for those events, today would not have been the same. For poser the Paleolithic people invented fire. The fire helped the Paleolithic people move into colder regions, defend them animals, and helped them with their cook their food.The Neolithic people invented weaving, pottery, metalworking, and the wheel. They also discovered agriculture. Because of agriculture people can now farm instead of hunting and gathering. This permitted and allowed people to settle t weak and live in one place, which led to settlements. Because people settled they now lived proximate to other, this allowed them to start using communication. This later developed into language. Also past experiences have led up to the structure of the Neolithic house. For example in Document 6, it says how chuck out items, such as bits of pottery, were pilled around each house.This was to keep harsh unification Sea winds from blowing through the stonewall through small gaps. This is an example of experience. Document 2 shows how the Ice Age changed the way of living, especially hunting. Because of the Ice Age it forced man to depend less on plants and more on animals. This event caused man to make adaptations to survive. All in all important events significantly changed the way of life between Paleolithic and Neolithic times. Even though these two time periods were very far apart and had a dramatic change in life these two times still have similarities and differences amongst t hem.There were similarities in government, religion, social, technology, and evolution. There were differences in architecture, diets, artwork, tools, dwellings, clothes and lifestyle. The events in the Paleolithic Era led up to the Neolithic Revolution. The Neolithic Revolution was the transformation that reformed people from cosmos hunter gathers into being farmers. Because of the Neolithic Revolution, our world is the way it is. Both Eras had different drives and commitments to strive, but at the end of the day theyre foremost objective and aim was to survive.Neolithic Vs PaleolithicLife changed dramatically between the Paleolithic and Neolithic times. Paleolithic is the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2. 5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used. The Paleolithic Period was also called the Old Stone Age. Neolithic is the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed. The Neolithic Period was also called t he New Stone Age. The Neolithic Revolution was the worlds first traditionally, provable revolution in agriculture.It involved the wide-scale change of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to agriculture as well as settlement, which supported larger population. Important events significantly changed the way of life between Paleolithic and Neolithic times. Although life changed dramatically between these two times there are still some similarities and differences amongst them. Paleolithic and Neolithic times have a lot of things in common. Both of these times were dependent on natural resources. In Paleolithic times they moved with food supply.In Neolithic times they used need water and good soil for crops. Paleolithic and Neolithic both had a government. In Paleolithic times the males ruled the families. In Neolithic times there was a Chief with council. Both of Paleolithic and Neolithic times had a religion. They had religions, which meant they believe in li fe after death. Socially in both time periods men hunted and farmed and women gathered. Neolithic and Paleolithic periods had technology. For Paleolithic they used stone tools, and in Neolithic they had farming, baking and firing pottery, specialized tools, and bronze tools and weapons.Both Paleolithic and Neolithic evolved. As found in Document 2 during Paleolithic times the Ice Age forced man to move and change. Mankind was forced to depend less on plants and animals. In Neolithic they farmed allowing them to settle in one place, which gave them time to develop settlements and new trades. Also both of these periods had accomplishments. In the Paleolithic Age they developed language, controlled fire and made and used tools. In the Neolithic Age they accomplished making the wheel, and farming.Although there are many similarities between Paleolithic and Neolithic times there are still several difference between them as well. One difference is that Paleolithic is the Old Stone Age and Neolithic the new Stone Age. Another difference that is found in Document 1, was that Paleolithic tools were used for hunting they were heavy and basic whereas, Neolithic tools were used for clearing land and farming they where sharper, lighter, more variety, and polished. The main difference between these tool kits is the purpose they were used for.Paleolithic man was a nomad, food gatherer, and a hunter. Neolithic men settled as found in Document 3. The people were agriculturist, who domesticate animals, and grew a variety of crops. The houses of Paleolithic man were skin tents or caves. The houses of Neolithic man were made of mud, wood and thatch. The Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages also have differences in the form of artwork. As found in the Document 4 the Paleolithic Age they had cave paintings showing the hunting of a larger animal and the danger of hunting. As found in Document 5 the Neolithic Age they domesticated plants and animals.In the Paleolithic Era, plants were used for medicines and food. Animals were used for hunting. However, in the Neolithic Era, plants were used for food in the New Stone Age, however, the difference was that plants were grown on farms. Animals were used for domestication as well as other purposes. Document 5 also displays another difference between the Paleolithic Era and Neolithic Era. Their artworks are very different from one another. In the Paleolithic Era they had paintings of cows, and they had small portable art. Their art is also represented by cave wall drawings.In the Neolithic Era they had megaliths and 3-D art. They were represented by structures and sculptures. These different artworks show change between Paleolithic and Neolithic times. The Neolithic Era was more advanced because based on their artwork it seemed they were harder to build, more complex and took more time. The diets of these two periods were also different. The Paleolithic man consisted of meat, fruits, berries and wild grain. Neolithic man ha d dairy products like milk, cheese, meat and grains like wheat, barley and rice.The clothing for Paleolithic man was made of animal skins and leaves, while Neolithic man made clothes of cotton wool. In the Paleolithic age there was no specialized occupation. As found in Document 3, in Neolithic age there was division of labor, and some specialization occupations so that that there was more variation of crafts like carpentry, weaving and pottery. In Document 6 it shows that the Neolithic architecture was different then Paleolithic architecture because the Neolithic architecture had settlements and villages while the Paleolithic architecture did not.Finally due to the invention of agriculture, farming and the wheel in the New Stone Age there where many revolutionary changes and progress that came upon mans life, which was nonexistent in the Old Stone Age. In both Paleolithic and Neolithic times there were many events that helped change their way of life. If it werent for those events, today would not have been the same. For example the Paleolithic people invented fire. The fire helped the Paleolithic people move into colder regions, protected them animals, and helped them with their cook their food.The Neolithic people invented weaving, pottery, metalworking, and the wheel. They also discovered agriculture. Because of agriculture people can now farm instead of hunting and gathering. This permitted and allowed people to settle down and live in one place, which led to settlements. Because people settled they now lived closer to other, this allowed them to start using communication. This later developed into language. Also past experiences have led up to the structure of the Neolithic house. For example in Document 6, it says how discarded items, such as bits of pottery, were pilled around each house.This was to keep harsh North Sea winds from blowing through the stonewall through small gaps. This is an example of experience. Document 2 shows how the Ice Age change d the way of living, especially hunting. Because of the Ice Age it forced man to depend less on plants and more on animals. This event caused man to make adaptations to survive. All in all important events significantly changed the way of life between Paleolithic and Neolithic times. Even though these two time periods were very far apart and had a dramatic change in life these two times still have similarities and differences amongst them.There were similarities in government, religion, social, technology, and evolution. There were differences in architecture, diets, artwork, tools, dwellings, clothes and lifestyle. The events in the Paleolithic Era led up to the Neolithic Revolution. The Neolithic Revolution was the transformation that reformed people from being hunter gathers into being farmers. Because of the Neolithic Revolution, our world is the way it is. Both Eras had different drives and commitments to strive, but at the end of the day theyre foremost objective and aim was t o survive.

Explore John Steinbeck’s presentation in Of Mice and Men Essay

Explore John Steinbecks unveiling in Of Mice and Men of the culture and experience of the gipsy workers in 1930s the States.Of Mice and Men is a whole to the highest degree kn knowledge novel written by John Steinbeck. It was published in a super traumatic time, in America. When the W either Street crash catalysed the Gr decimate Depression and the United States suffered an economic collapse. Due to the overleap of m angiotensin converting enzymey at that place was a high level of unemploy man billett of work force and wo workforce and some(prenominal) a(prenominal) businesses closed down. Addition separately(prenominal)y America go through terrible droughts known as the Dust Bowl in which m both crops died. The lower the Ameri keep economy sank the higher the numbers of migrant workers rose, it r apieceed approximately 13 million in 1932 The single expressive style for legion(predicate) Ameri dismisss to father m superstary was to travel into the countryside, where work was hard, dangerous, and alone(predicate).They became itinerant workers the workers moved from place to place for work, to total the harvest across California-USA. Itinerant workers travelled alone, Steinbecks character George describes them as the loneliest guys in the world. They unremarkably travelled by cheap buses, hitch hiking rides or simply walking. The pay was non bad they adjourn in $2 to $3 a day and in addition received accommodation and food. As they were solitary and didnt obtain much they blew their jack at the local pubs and cat houses e actually Saturday night, this meant that they essentially pin down themselves in this style of living.I personally think that Steinbeck chose to focus on the lives of itinerant workers to manoeuver the problems set ab place America and its pile during that period. People ripe saw the economic problems, non the desperation of the workers, or the racial discrimination of the black federation and I think that is what Steinbeck was act to show, the personal effect to millions of men and women. exactly more, as Steinbeck had worked on a spread head, he felt sympathy to the workers, and presents their situation sensitively.George and Lennie atomic number 18 the ii of import characters in Of Mice and men. Steinbecks detailed description of them allows the pointer to easily re after-hours to the characters strong personalities and sympathises with their situation. George and Lennie ingest on really well they sense of smell out for to each one other. One of the main things that hold them to beguileher is their dream they be non a worry(p) other ranch workers because they all travel alone, they atomic number 18 the loneliest guys in the world. They travel together, they have got a emergingsomebody to palaver to that gives a damn about them. Lennie acts standardized a child, although he is genuinely strong, Strong as a bull. George on the other hand is sharp, intelligent, and quic k.Their personalities deeply match their physical appearance, George is preferably short, and skinny whilst Lennie is tall, muscular, and broad shouldered. The human relationship, as strong as it is, is quite uneven, George has a lot of authority over Lennie, and we know this as they walked in single file and even in the open one stayed behind the other. So even when there was centering for them to walk next to each other, they didnt, mrequest that even though they ar together they are separate, lonely and they have no community to look after them, no one that is their equal and their friend.The setting of the novel is important for Steinbeck to convey his views on how the workers lived. Steinbeck makes many references to light though-out the whole of the novel, about how weak the lighting in the workers bunk house is as it didnt light up the corners, and how Curleys wife blocks off the rectangle of sunshineshine in the doorwayway when she enters. This shows how she had lower off everything best and pure, as light colours and the sun shows hope it is close to resembling she is rescue upset with her. In the last chapter Lennie is fissure, pour downed by George, his death is sudden exactly the book was written so we would be expecting it.The description of the setting contains many references to light, how the sun left the valley, mountains appeared to blazeincreasing brightness. The sun is setting the day is ending, so is the novel and their dream it is all inevit satisfactory, including their lives. Steinbeck was a pessimistic and the theme of move is very prominent passim the novel. John Steinbeck similarly uses other descriptions linked to the weather to convey atmosphere, ilk the wind, a far rush of wind sounded gust drove though tops of trees ilk a wave. Compared to chapter one in the same setting where there is no sound of wind, it is calm. In chapter six we evict tell something is brewing, a disturbance is coming, and something is sacking to happen.In chapter two he describes the small bunk house, which is where all of the workers on the ranch live, from this detailed evocative description we can see how lowly the workers actually do have, and how they depend on very plain objects, corresponding magazines and their dreams. The room itself is extremely simple and only provided the necessaries for the workers. Walls were gloss over floors unpainted. The dcor in the basic four walled rectangular room is cheap, and hardly luxurious, by using lecture exchangeable, whitewashed makes the walls seem boring, cold and hard, almost as if the paint had just been thrown onto the walls, almost the like no true care had been cat into the comfort of the ranch workers living quarters. Steinbeck refers to the room looking like a dank prison, in three walls there were small, square windows, and in the fourth, a solid door with a wooden latch.The solid door with a wooden latch makes the bunk house seem enclosed, kept in t he dark, yet by having a wooden latch it makes the room seem like it does not need protecting, the possessions are not worth keeping safe. With very small windows and a larger heavy door it gives you the idea of a coffin with thick stale air, this idea seems more like reality as you read on and find out that the sunlight is choked with dust when it shines in the bunk house, which strongly reflects the claustrophobic atmosphere, it overly shows how dirty and unhygienic the living theaters actually are, as locomote shot like rushing stars, though the beam of sun light. In one of the bunks in the room there was a spray-can to kill bugs one of the characters in the novel called glass over explains that the man who slept there originally was just very consciously clean.The bunk house was obviously very cramped as it contained octet bunks, meaning there was no privacy, it was a communal living, and a communal life, as they ate, slept and spent 24 hours of their day with each other, not only is there a lack of privacy, only if none of the self-respect that grown adult men should have. Inside the bunk house there was a nailed apple nook so that it make two shelves above the bunks, this allowed the men to keep their limited amount of possessions in one field of study of the room, a small area of privacy. Also in the room there was grouped boxes, where the men sit to command cards, all the furniture is very make-shift and cheap, representing that the men dont stay there long, they are only temporary workers. On the make-do shelves the workers had, articles, soaptalcum powder, razors and those western magazines that men love to readand their medicines little vials, combs a few neck ties. All simplicities, merely they treat them like luxuries they can not have anything more as they would not be able to carry it from place to place, as they worked. almost one of the walls on the bunk house was a black cast-iron stove, in those times men did not cook, it was d egrading. The workers having to cook for themselves is not as bad as having to clean for the rest of the ranch, oddly if you were a man. One character on the ranch does have this job, dulcorate. He has what is seen as a womens job, yet he does it as he had a physical disability, this is an example of the levels of hierarchy on the ranch. compensate though all of the men are different there is a definite category of men that can only be itinerant workers, white, young, strong men. Everyone else is below them in the hierarchy, Crooks being black and disabled, Candy being crippled, and frizzys wife being a woman. Even Curly feels that he inescapably to be more physically strong to make up for his height.The pour down of chapter two deeply contrasts with the start of chapter one, chapter one is a hillside bank, which the Salinas River runs by. It is a graceful setting and a lovely time of day, as it is the late evening of a hot day. The river runs deep and it is warm, the river had slipped twinkling over the yellow sands in the sunlight forward reaching the narrow pool. To one side of the river was the strong and rocky Gabilan mountains and on the other side the water is lined with trees. Steinbeck goes in to specific detail for this setting, even describing the lead junctures, showing just how important and picturesque this place is. Steinbeck goes on to tell us about the animals skittering lizards and rabbits sitting on the sand in the evening, the tracks of deer and coons. The scene changes and the marks left by man are draw, the hard beaten path, the piles made by fires and the limbs of a giant sycamore worn silver-tongued by the men who have sat on it.As George and Lennie enter the area the animal hurry noise littlely for cover, birds laboured into the air and pounded down the river. The place was lifeless for a few moments before the men came into the opening. I think Steinbeck changes the peaceful atmosphere as the men enter, to show the power m en have over the environment, the power and strength they posses. When they sit down Lennie starts to drink from the water, it might look nice, but George tells Lennie to stop as it looks scummy. This is not the only dark side of nature, there are water snakes, which the poor boys would eat then the coyotes that would eat herons. It is survival of the fittest, just like at the ranch and in America at that time. None-the-less the expansive setting distant mountains, a free flowing river, and the natural wildlife contrasts with the enclosed bunkhouse where the men are trapped. Steinbeck does this to show the predictability of existence the misanthropical lives that they lived and worked in.Steinbeck does not just show the different levels of power in animals and humans, but with humans together, for example the top dog not really being present in the novel, except when George and Lennie arrive, when he is questioning them, the Boss was sore as hell when they were late, as the Boss did not get that little bit of capital more that he could of earned. The character is obviously only c one timerned about the money, not the workers, as he says, you dont need any brains to buck barleycorn bags.The Bosss name is never written in the novel, which almost gives us the idea that he has no personality, as if he is just a person making others work for him. On the way to meet the Boss, George asks Candy about him, he says that he is a pretty nice fella. Gets pretty mad hes pretty nice. Throughout the description Candy repeats the same word pretty often, showing that he really does not know the true nature of the Boss as he is not a constant figure on the ranch, he mainly stays in his house. This could be because the Boss does not want to mix with people below his status, or because he does not want to get addicted to people who he knows will leave soon, but most likely it is just because he does not care, all he wants is money, he employs strong men and lets them get on with it, Steinbeck presents him as a tart capitalist.As the Boss is not on the ranch that often and looking out for his workers, the workers can get remote with a lot, with out even concerning him, he doesnt care what happens to them, he can ever employ psyche else. However the Boss is not evil, as he brought the workers a whole gal of beer for Christmas, and is very concerned about whether Lennie is taking Georges money at the end of the month. When Steinbeck describes the Boss himself, he tells us how he is a short man, but with quick steps, he does not dress extravagantly, but he does not wear ranch clothing that functional men wear. His shoes were high-heeled boots they had spurs to prove he was not a labouring man. His son also wears this style of boot, the boots are described like cow-boy boots, the American Dream, and the pioneering of Americas past. non only were the boots meant to show that the Boss had his own land but that he had authority and power, he demanded re spect, and the boots were another object that could be use to show the hierarchy on the ranch.The Boss and Curly, (his son) demand authority, contrasting to Slims natural authority, Slim is one of the ranch workers who is respected by everyone else because he is a good man he is emotionally intuitive, which makes it easy for him to make friends. The workers feel like they can trust him, talk to him, in one part of the novel, Lennie tells Slim about when they were kids and how he used to make Lennie jump in the Sacramento River he jumps He damn near drowned but George had bury that Lennie told him to jump in, and just thanked him for pulling him out. George also told Slim why they left Weed, about how Lennie had touched a young ladys dress just to feel the material, and how George and Lennie were chased out of Weed.George and Lennie are itinerant workers, on this ranch they earn approximately $2 a day, we know this as they get fifty bucks at the end of each month. Their personal j ob was to buck barley bags which meant that they had to throw large bags of grain on a truck, the barley is poured into large burlap bags, around 75 or more pounds and then is passed brigade-style to the truck. The work was dull, and repetitive, and once it was done, the workers could exit the rest of the day, doing what they want.In Of Mice and Men, the men usually play cards, in their bunk house. The men play solitaire, a one man game, which shows the continuous theme of loneliness throughout the novel. There are many references to the men playing cards, usually in awkward circumstances, for example the strikeing of Candys dog. Carlson offered to kill the dog because he was old and smelled, however Candy does not like the idea, when the dog is being shot the room is very awkward and the other ranch workers play cards to take their minds away from the area that obviously hurts Candy.Everyone they meet find it hard to imagine George and Lennie going around together, even Slim, wh o is a very friendly and kind worker on the ranch. He is also very intelligent and perceptive, and he has a good sense of justice and fairness. (1) Slims comment on the fact that there personalt many guys that travel around together. Men dont usually go around with each other. Altogether I think Steinbeck does this to show the solitude and loneliness of a ranch worker, throughout their whole life.The Bosss son is called Curly Curly is a mean and a power craving little man. Because he is so small he tries to be very assertive and strong, he takes backpacking lessons as if to show that he might be short but he is check then everyone else, almost as if he is move to prove his masculinity. He wears the high vulcanised boots with spurs like his father, to portray his authority and power, but also to add to the height. Curlys name like most of the characters represents his physical appearance, he has Curly hair, and his fists are often described as being go against up, curled. Curl y hates big guys- he has little man syndrome. From what all the characters say about him he is horrible, trouble and loves to show people how he is better then them. I think Curly does all of the boxing to make up for is height, to show that he might not be a strong working man, but he is better then that, he can look after himself and no one can stop him.There are two main relationships in the novel, Curley and his wife plus George and Lennie, incomplete of these relationships last. It is almost as if Steinbeck is trying to say that even if you want to be with someone in this lonely life style it would be impossible. Once you start to work in this business it corrupts you, in each of those relationship one person dies. Steinbecks very pessimistic views probably come from when he was a ranch worker he experienced the harsh reality of loneliness himself. Curly married a few weeks before George and Lennie arrived, the name of his wife is not written down in the novel one, she is refe rred to as Curlys wife, a possession, not a true person. It was a very sexist view, and that was what Steinbeck was trying to show by not giving her a name, that some of the Americans views were still very sexist.Curly has no control over his flirtatious wife they spend more time asking other members of the ranch where the other one is then they do with each other. They both realise that they are not suited to each other Curly just likes the fact that he has something over the other men he has something to do at night, every night if he wants, and what other men cant. To show this he wears a glove on one of his hands filled with Vaseline everywhere he goes, to flaunt it to the over men he has someone to touch. He tries to keep one hand dotty for his wife (2) George thinks this is very dirty it must be very degrading and embarrassing for his wife.The whole relationship seems awkward, Curlys wife only married him because she was on the rebound from losing her dream, and she was confu sed about her grow and was upset about her missed opportunities. Curly sees a young pretty girl and likes the opportunity to have a wife to make him look better. This is the only role for women, to look pretty to stay at home, they had very little opportunities.Curlys wife had a dream to become an actress, the ranch workers all share the American Dream, which is all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable uprights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. (3) This dream was no longer possible in America ascribable to the dandy depression. Curlys wifes dream was created by men, men who told her how fabulous she was, how they would take her away, put her in the movies. It all sounded amazing except none of it was true, they just used her.George and Lennie build a future in their heads, a dream. To live off the fatta the lan to have their own house their own garden and animals, to be their own Boss, to live a free life and to be able to do what they want, which is impossible for them while working on the ranch. Their shared dream helps them through tough times and it also affects others like Candy, who is willing to pay for about half of the land on his own. But this is all a pretend future, George says I got to thinking maybe we would This could be because Lennie likes hearing it so much, he has convinced himself that it will come true, we know this as he starts telling the dream rhythmically, then monotonously.George has other dreams, like having a girl, playing cards by a pool, having an easy life and panning for gold, but the only one thats truly idyllic (2) is the one he shares with Lennie because its impossible (2). It is almost as if the dream hides them from their lives, which could be described as beans with no ketchup, all they do is work and just about function, they have no fun, or luxuries, nothing in their lives is complete. The Dream is nothing but a trick, an illusion. I think Steinbeck was trying to say this about the real American Dream as well, that it is just a dream, something for people to deposit to in times of need and despair. It is almost inevitable that George and Lennies dream will fail because of the cynical style of Steinbecks writing, and the continuous references to death and the wipeout that is created by mankind, like the peaceful area by the river, that had recently been left with the marks of man, the men scare all of the animals away on top of the destruction they leave behind them.The diverse range of characters show that not all ranch worker were the same. Not just men were effected by the economic collapse, women were thrown in to a mans world, Steinbeck creates three womanish characters in the novel to show the problem of their surroundings and their lifestyles. The novels characters consist of black and white men, some of them disabled, but all of them have a little power in their own way, for example most people would t hink that the nigger Crooks is the lowest person in the hierarchy of the ranch, but he can very easily annoy Lennie, so I think he has a little bit of power over Lennie this shows how the ranch society is self-destructive, in times of trouble they dont help each other they make things worse for each other. The workers live on a rota of work, play cards, sleep, on Saturday they go out to Cindys cat house and Sunday they get a day off. All of the characters influence something unexampled or different to the novel, even Whit who is very young and shows the type of an enthusiastic new Brothel-crazy (2) man who is just starting to adapt to the ranch workers life.Carlsons character is what the true ranch workers were like I believe that Steinbeck included many different characters and their problems, to express the types of problems that America were cladding at the time. The role between men and women is hard to understand, men looked down on women also the men pigeonhole the women, and the women stereotype the men, George says Shes a rat-trap if I ever seen one. Whilst Curlys wife says I seen in any case many you guys. as if she assumes they are going to be basically useless. (2) The great detail Steinbeck took into creating the divide between men and women show that he was trying to get us to understand all of their lives, to understand their personal problems and the problems that they face up by living in America at that time.The people living on the ranch with the least amount of authority are definitely Crooks, Candy and Lennie, the three of them get relatively along quite well, they even start to talk about George and Lennies dream, Crooks and Candy want to join in, they offer their money and they offer to work for nothing. The optimism and hope in this briefly shared dream is shattered by Curlys wife (2). Curlys Wife does not like Crooks or Candy she sees them as weak, they are only at the ranch to do simple, easy jobs. She treats them like dirty, cal ling Crooks a nigger(2), Lennie a dum-dum (2) and Candy a lousy old sheep (2). Curlys Wife gets along with the men on their own, flirting with them and chatting with them, but when they are together she finds them defensive and competitive.She believes she knows everything there is to know about men, their weaknesses for drink and women she likes to put them down and threatens them with the power she has from being Curlys wife, I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny (2). By performing and saying things like this it makes her feel better, like she has more power, not just some worthless girl living in her father-in-laws house with a short-bully for a husband. Steinbeck gives her so much attitude and certain characteristics to portray the emotional difficulties that faced American women at the time, to show that their lives were truly hard, they were treated differently to men and considered not as important, for example the men in Curlys Wife history only talk to her, and give her company because they want somebody that night. They do not consider the feeling of the young beautiful woman.This is how it was in America in the 1930s because every one was losing money and struggling with the crops the less felicitous had to ask for jobs way beneath them, to have a home and a place to bring up their family. The American Dream was dead, due to critical economic collapse and the dreaded dust ball that brush the plains no one could believe in the dream any more, it seemed completely impossible, they felt that it was inevitably not going to happen. The rich tried to hold on to their money, so the poor ultimately stayed poor. There were no unions to protect the migrant workers, so they lived by their own laws, like all the men wanting to shoot Lennie because during the novel he murdered Curlys wife. They made their own rules about the hierarchy, and followed it, similar to an unexpressed promise the Boss and his family were at the top, the rest followed in a big group unless there was someone with some natural authority, which was very rare.The whole society was very violent and they did not have any concern for death, they shot Candys dog for little reason and there was no emotion involved in the process and Lennie easily killed the mouse in chapter one, and the puppy later on. Carlson has a Lugar, which is poor boy he cleans it and keeps it safe under his pillow, showing how little respect he has for death. The disrespect for death is commented on throughout the whole novel, different members of the ranch end up killing something or someone.Steinbeck clearly shows that predictably, something is going to happen at the end we see this as the deaths increase and happen to higher people in the table of hierarchy. It shows that death was a large part of their lives, their lives were not memorable so they had nothing to disquietude when they died lost memories, times or people they would sorely miss. It is as if Steinbeck is trying to say that they had nothing to look forward to, their lives came and went. Just like clock work.Some of the characters on the ranch are friendly, for example Slim, he does not have a plan or a dream, it is as if he accepts his role in society and moves on, he never gets angry or shows much emotion, he is always calm and cool. He moves with majesty showing he knows what is to happen and does not fear it, he does not dread the future because he is intelligent enough to realise that it will happen no matter what he can do. He is very intelligent and this is probably why he out of all the men is able to understand his position. It is like Steinbeck is trying to say it does not matter if you are smart or friendly, once you start in this line of work you cant really get out, it is like a vicious circle it traps everyone and releases no one.Nature holds a strong power over men in Of Mice and Men, the beautiful setting at the start of chapter one is like a paradise, but it is an il lusion. Lennie is often described as an animal, he himself says that he would go and live in a cave, he is almost better suited to the outside, as he would not be able to disrupt, or destroy the lives of other humans. It is almost ironic then that Steinbeck chooses Lennies death bed to be the floor of an almost enclosed area of woodland.The time of day he dies is one of the most picturesque, dusk, the light is fading (2) everything is returning to its home, even the heron flies off. The pool side setting is a place of death, every time we visit the area in the novel there is death, whether it is a mouse, heron eating the water snake, or Lennies death. The Salinas River also has an air of destiny about it as George told Lennie to go there if there was trouble, almost as if he knew it was going to happen, which makes the novel so predictable and pessimistic. John Steinbeck makes the area feel pessimistic with all of the deaths, just like in America at the time, the people were losing hope because of the devastating economic collapse, and many crops were dieing because of the great Dust Bowl.The men play solitaire, a one man game, which shows the continuous theme of loneliness throughout the novel. The solitude that comes with being a ranch worker, Steinbeck almost tries to defy that by bringing George and Lennie together, however some would argue that the relationship is not equal at all, Lennie is the little child that always get in to trouble where as George is the quick intelligent grown up, he has all of the responsibilities. Even though the two look out for each other, they still are lonely, George looks for other people to talk to and confide in as he knows that Lennie would not understand, or be of help to him if he got into trouble.The relationship is still highly important, it highlights the fact that even those who went into the career expecting loneliness need someone, or something, and for example most of the ranch workers have their dreams to depend on. George and Lennie are completely different which is one of the reasons people struggle to come to terms with their relationship, I think George knows that he would not be friends with Lennie if they were not in this line of work as they are total different. The solitude in the novel is not only apparent in humans, but in the environment as well, the constant lack of sound, and awkward conversations in time of death make the whole atmosphere drop. The Salinas Rivers description contains a very limited amount of animals, and all of the animals leave at one point or another, so the setting becomes silent and cold. This shows the mens destructiveness and how they are feared as all of the animals run away when George and Lennie enter the clearing. It is the men who always are there and create the supernatural silence, whether it means that they are scaring something away, or they are killing some thing or someone.Of Mice and Men, was published in 1937, it was the 2nd most frequentl y banned book in the 1900s. It was criticised for the language, swearing, racism, morality and the violence contained in the novel, many members of the 1900s American society disagreed with the book and the writers views, Steinbeck was even known to have issues with the governance and the FBI. There were many problems that came with the book, but the book also brought along the realisation of the troubles facing America during that period, the problems facing the black community, and the effects of the economic depression on the less fortunate areas of society. Steinbeck was hit from both the left hand and the Right-wing politicians, Right-wing saying that he went too far, whilst the Left-wing saying that he should have gone(a) further, more on the delicate issues. However Steinbeck did not write the novel to rouse the Right or the Left, but to show his country, what was happening.The novel shows us the terrible living conditions and basic desires that the ranch workers thirst t hings that we would consider daily items. Steinbeck expresses clearly the attitude of the workers, and the lonely environment that they lived in. Some people would say that the way in which he writes and describes certain aspects of the workers lifestyles would make the reader biased by making them feel tender-hearted for the people that live on ranches.Steinbeck had such a pessimistic feeling towards the lives of the ranch workers because he had experienced how harsh it was as a ranch worker in California-USA in the 1930s, the style of work made him lonely and he even once said that he just needs to get away from being John Steinbeck for a little while (2) because being a public figure was too much, he was shy and liked privacy. He knew how the job affected the workers, mentally and physically, he was very good at adding subtle hints of these throughout the novel.One of the reasons Steinbeck wrote the book was I think to educate the public about these problems in society, and to a lso tell the world how direr the ranch workers situation was, what they had to deal with and address. America was not the only country facing issues at that time, a civil war broke out in Spain, and the Nazis were in power in Germany, the whole of Europe was effected by Americas economic depression, especially because of the rise in fascism in Germany, Italy and Spain. The novel is not about all of these problems throughout the world, but nearly everyone could relate to the novel. in the first place I read the book I knew nothing of the way the economic collapse affected the millions of less fortunate members of Americas society in such a harsh and incomprehensible way. I knew nothing of how lonely men and women could be. I knew nothing of the way the dust ball had such a vast devastation effect, not only to the crops, but also to the people and their profit. The novel is relatable, but I think that is one of the strong points about the book, because you could say that life in those days was predictable, you knew what position you were in, and if you were a ranch worker your whole life was virtually planned.Steinbeck starts and ends the novel in the same place to show the cyclical style of the life of the ranch workers, he does this in many ways, referring back to the sun wage increase and setting, the working time, and the weekly visits to the cat house. This is another example showing how the lives were already laid out in front of them. I personally enjoyed the novel I found it an interesting insight to the lives of itinerant workers, and the in-depth study of Americas agricultural history showed me how the workers existed and how they adapted to the dog-eat-dog-world, and how resilient we humans can be.References-1. http//www.newi.ac.uk/englishresources/workunits/ks4/ parable/ofmicemen/smallheath/charnote.htmlSlim2. GSCE English, Of Mice and Men, The text guild. CGP, coordination group publications.3. http//www.americanrevwar.homestead.com/files/DECLARA.H TM

Binomial System

Lesson 1 Assignment Questions Describe the scientific system by which positions be classified, in a report of up to 500 words. In this report, vertebral column *the signifi dirty dogce of the binomial system *why common references of whole workss should not be used to in good order identify make ups. The scientific system to classify and naming plants ar controlled and coordinated by botanist passim the world. The system of classification in plants is to classify them in groups with similar characteristics. Then continue to sort out and sub-group until you pitch one type of plant in each group.The main level of division in plants ar as follows workss are divide into PHYLA (singular phylum) Phyla can be divided into DIVISIONS Divisions are divided into CLASSES Classes are divided into ORDERS Orders are divided into FAMILIES Families are divided into GENERA (singular genus) GENERA are divided into SPECIES Species are sometimes divided into VARIETIES The apprehension of t he binomial system was introduced by Carolus Linnalus (1707-1778) in 1753 for f disappointing plants. The system gives each plant a name which is made up of two parts.The first part is called the generic name (or genus) and always starts with a capital. The turn part is the specific name (or epithet) and always comes after the generic name. The specific name always starts with lower case, unless it is name after a person or place. The reason common names should not be used is that some common names are given to more than one plant creating mental confusion when communication about plants. Using botanical names allow identification worldwide. Common names can verify from one country to the next.Answer each of the following briefly. A. What are the major divisions found in the plant kingdom? The major divisions found in the plant kingdom is Phyla, Division, Classes, orders, Families, Genera, Species and Varieties. B. List the basal differences amongst angiosperms and gymnosperms. The basic difference is that angiosperms are a visoring, seed plant produce seeds within a fruit, while the gymnosperms are naked seed bearing. The gymnosperms have seeds that are not enclosed by an ovary of fruit. C. Define the meaning of the termsFamily A taxonomic category of related organisms ranking below an order and above a genus. A family usually consists of several genera. Genus A taxonomic category ranking below a family and above a species and loosely consisting of a group of species exhibiting similar characteristics. In taxonomic nomenclature the genus name is used, either alone or followed by a Latin adjective or epithet, to form the name of a species. Species a. A unsounded category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus or subgenus and consisting of related organisms capable of interbreeding. b.An organism belong to such a category, represented in binomial nomenclature by an uncapitalised Latin adjective or noun following a capitalized genus name, as i n Ananas comosus, the pineapple, and Equus caballus, the horse. Subspecies A taxonomic atom of a species consisting of an interbreeding, usually geographically isolated population of organisms. Variety A taxonomic subdivision of a species consisting of an interbreeding, usually geographically isolated population of organisms. Cultivar A race or variety of a plant that has been created or selected intentionally and maintained through cultivation.D. Give the scientific names of 10 assorted plant species not mentioned elsewhere to date in this course. For each, indicate which family they belong to, which name is the genus, which is the species and (if applicable) which is the variety or cultivar. take a shitSyzygium australecultivar Family MyrataceaeGenusSyzygiumSpecies S. australe haveViola hederaceacultivar Family ViolaceaeGenusViolaSpecies V. hederacea NameHardenbergia violaceacultivar Family FabaceaeGenusHardenbergiaSpecies H. violacea NameAcacia vertillata Family MimosaceaeGen usAcaciaSpecies A. verticillataNameBulbine bulbosa Family LiliaceaeGenusBulbineSpecies B. bulbosa NamePultenaea dentata Family FabaceaeGenusPultenaeaSpecies P. dentata NameDichelachne rara Family PoaeceaeGenusDichelachneSpecies D. rara NameDiuris orientis Family OrchidaceaeGenusDiurisSpecies D. orientis NameLeptospermum scoparium Family MyrataceaeGenusLeptospermumSpecies L. scoparium NameWahlenbergia gracilenta Family CampanulaceaeGenusWahlenbergiaSpecies W. gracilenta 3. What is the horticultural significance of juvenility, maturity and senescence in the developmental cycle of a plant.The horticultural significant of juvenility, maturity and senescence in the developmental cycle of a plant is each stops allows different advantages of the plant. The ability for juvenile stage to be influence allows propagators to vegetatively propagate cuttings longer, while to reduce this stage allows flower and fruit growers to reduce their production costs and an earlier crop or return on invest ment. Because at this stage it has its most rapid rate of suppuration and has the ability to initiate adventitious roots readily, this is rock-bottom or lost as the plant matures.Maturity is significant for those wanting to see the results of their breeding programs or a harvest from the plants e. g. seeds and fruits. A plant is considered mature when it has the potentially capacity to reproduce. Reproduction from cuttings at this stage is reduced or the plant has no longer got the ability to form adventitious roots. Senescence is referred to the process involving the declension of the plant or its organs prior to death. To be able to control or delay this stage allows for a longer harvest time e. g. fruit and flowers. . Answer each of the following questions briefly. A. Describe the social system of the basic plant cell. Explain the function of the different cell organelles. The basic plant cell anatomical structure is made many layers which primary consist of three components being the middle lamellum, primary cell protect and secondary cell wall. There are many cell organelles Nucleus stores the genetic component (chromosomes) of the crabbed cell. Plastids are collective terms for organelles that carry pigments. Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins.Mitochondria are thither to break down the complex carbohydrates and sugars into usable forms for the plant. Golgi Body transports chemical substances in and out of the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum is the bond amidst the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the plant cell. Vacuoles are used for storage and help to regulate turgor squelch of the plant cell. Peroxisomes is to assist chloroplasts in undergoing photorespiration process. They also contain certain oxidative enzymes. B. Define the term Plant Tissue. Describe the characteristics and basic role of tissue found in flowering plants.Plant Tissue is the references to a collective function of large tracts of cells with similar structure. Pl ant tissues come in two basic types Meristematic tissues and immutable tissue. The meristematic basic role is to actively divide and differentiate into various cell types. After the Meristematic cells have divide they develop into Permanent tissue. Permanent tissue can be classified into simple or complex. C. pose and chase the cross section of a leaf to show epidermis, xylem, phloem, stomata and parenchyma. See attachD. Draw and label a cell diagram to show all parts you can remember without referring to your notes. See Attached 5. Answer the following question briefly. A. State the internal differences between monocotyledons and dicotyledons. There are numerous differences between monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Monocotyledons Dicotyledons A large number of vascular bundles A limited umber of vascular bundles The vascular bundles are scattered in the The vascular bundles are arranged in a ring Parenchyma tissue. Between the cerebral mantle and pith there is no There is a clear distinguish between the corted Distinction. And the pith No secondary thickening Secondary thickening can occur No annual rings are formed Due to secondary thickening annual rings are formed No cambium occurs between the xylem and Cambium occurs between the xylem and the The phloem. Phloem. B. How can strengthening tissue establish in monocotyledons in order for perennial growth to occur? The stem strengthening occurs by the many vascular bundles being scattered, rather than in a ring, with support for the bundles being surrounded by extensive fibres. See Attached for 14 plants, 7 palingenesis sheets.